The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States
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Chapter 14 : Anthers extrorse, opening lengthwise. IRIDACEae, 513 Stamens 6; flowers usually on a sc
Anthers extrorse, opening lengthwise. IRIDACEae, 513
Stamens 6; flowers usually on a scape from a bulb.
AMARYLLIDACEae, 515
[2.] _Perianth adherent only to the base or lower half of the ovary._
Perianth woolly or roughish-mealy; leaves often equitant.
HaeMODORACEae, 512
Perianth smooth; the leaves gra.s.s-like.
Stenanthium, etc., in LILIACEae, 517
[3.] _Perianth wholly free from the ovary._
Pistils numerous or few in a head or ring. ALISMACEae, 553
Pistil one, compound (cells or placentae mostly 3).
Perianth not glumaceous or chaffy; flowers not in dense heads.
Stamens 6 (in Maianthemum 4), similar and perfect.
Scurfy-leaved epiphyte; seeds hairy-tufted. BROMELIACEae, 511
Marsh herbs; carpels nearly distinct or separating closed from the axis; seed without alb.u.men. Juncagineae, in NAIADACEae, 557
Terrestrial, not rush-like; seeds with alb.u.men.
Perianth of similar divisions or lobes, mostly colored.
LILIACEae, 517
Perianth of 3 foliaceous and green sepals and 3 colored withering-persistent petals. Trillium in LILIACEae, 517
Perianth of 3 persistent green sepals, and 3 ephemeral deliquescent petals. COMMELINACEae, 538
Stamens 6, dissimilar, or only three with perfect anthers.
Sepals 3, herbaceous; ephemeral petals 3, unequal.
COMMELINACEae, 538
Perianth tubular, 6-lobed. PONTEDERIACEae, 535
Stamens 3, similar. Moss-like aquatic. MAYACEae, 537
Perianth wholly glumaceous, of 6 similar divisions. JUNCACEae, 539
Perianth partly glumaceous or chaff-like; flowers in very dense heads. Rush-like or aquatic.
Flowers perfect; inner perianth of three yellow petals; perfect stamens and plumose sterile filaments each 3; pod 1-celled, many-seeded on 3 parietal placentae. XYRIDACEae, 536
Flowers moncious or dicious, whitish-bearded; stamens 4 or 3; pod 2--3-celled, 2--3-seeded. ERIOCAULEae, 566
[C.] GLUMACEOUS DIVISION. _Flowers dest.i.tute of proper perianth, except sometimes small scales or bristles, but covered by scale-like bracts or glumes._
Glume a single scale-like bract with a flower in its axil.
CYPERACEae, 567
Glumes in pairs, of two sorts. GRAMINEae, 623
CLa.s.s III. CRYPTOGAMOUS ACROGENS. (See p. 17.)
SUBCLa.s.s I. PTERIDOPHYTES: with woody fibres and vessels.
Spores of only one kind; spore-cases
Borne beneath s.h.i.+eld-shaped scales in a terminal spike; stems naked, sheathed at the nodes. EQUISETACEae, 675
On the back or margin of fronds circinate in vernation.
FILICES, 678
Bivalvular, in special spikes or panicles; fronds erect in vernation, from short erect rootstocks. OPHIOGLOSSACEae, 693
Solitary in the axils of leaves, 2--3-valved; low long-stemmed moss-like evergreens; leaves small, in 4--16 ranks.
LYCOPODIACEae, 695
Spores of two kinds, large and small; spore-cases
Solitary in the axils of small 4-ranked leaves, or in the bases of linear radical leaves. SELAGINELLACEae, 697
Enclosed in peduncled sporocarps; leaves 4-foliolate.
MARSILIACEae, 700
Sporocarps sessile beneath the stem; small, floating, pinnately branched, with minute imbricate leaves. SALVINIACEae, 701
SUBCLa.s.s II. BRYOPHYTES: with cellular tissue only. [Capsules not operculate, containing spores and usually elaters, in the following Orders.]
Capsule 4-valved, pedicellate; plants leafy-stemmed, rarely thallose.
JUNGERMANNIACEae, 702
Capsule 2-valved or valveless; plants thallose.
Thallus without epidermis; capsule with a columella, short-pedicelled or sessile on the thallus. ANTHOCEROTACEae, 726
Capsules borne beneath a pedunculate receptacle. MARCHANTIACEae, 727
Capsules immersed in the thallus or sessile upon it, indehiscent.
RICCIACEae, 730
