Helps to Latin Translation at Sight
Chapter 13 : +ALIUS+ = _another_ (of many).+ali-enus+ = _that belong to another_ alien, alienate.+al

+ALIUS+ = _another_ (of many).

+ali-enus+ = _that belong to another_ alien, alienate.

+ali-quot+ = _some, several_ aliquot (parts).

+al-ter+ = _other of two_ alter, alternate.

+ali-bi+ = _elsewhere_ alibi.

etc.

+SENATUS+ = _the Council Senate.

of the Elders_ +sen-ex+ = _old_ +sen-ior+ = _older_ senior, sire, sir.

+sen-ile+ = _belonging to old people_ sen-ile.

+sen-ectus+ = _old age_.

etc.

+ITER+ = (+i-tiner+) = _a going_ itin-erant.

+amb-it-io+ = _a going round, ambition.

canva.s.sing_ +comes+ = _a comrade_. a Count (+c.u.m + eo+) (Fr. Comte).

+in-it-ium+ = _a going in, a beginning_ initial.

+sed-it-io+ = _a going apart, sedition_ sedition.

etc.

(ii.) _Useful Phrases for Latin Prose._--You should try gradually to put together your own phrase-book. You will find this much more useful to you than any ready-made collection. A good and simple plan is to have a special note-book for this purpose. Mark in the text as you read useful phrases, and in your note-book write the Latin on the right-hand page and a good idiomatic rendering on the left. For example, from this pa.s.sage you might collect the following:--

English.

Latin.

_A chance of achieving a success._ +fortuna bene gerendae rei.+ _After completing his term of service._ +perfunctus militia.+ _Would make it worth their while._ +operae pretium facturum.+ _Up to that time._ +ad id locorum.+ _The result was not doubtful._ +haud dubia res est.+ _Though the fight was so unequal._ +ut in nulla pari re.+ _Some by one death and some by another._ +alii alia peste.+

(iii.) +HANNIBAL.+--Read some good short estimate of Hannibal as a patriot, statesman, and soldier--such as may be found in Mommsen's or Ihne's _History of Rome_. If you have time, you will find much to interest you in the _Hannibal_ ('Heroes of the Nations') by O'Connor Morris.

DEMONSTRATION IV.

SENTENCE

Kind of Sentence CONNECTIVE SUBJECT _Simple_ _Enlarged_ PREDICATE _Simple_ _Enlarged_ OBJECT _Simple_ _Enlarged_

_Sentence III._

Pugnatum tamen, ut in nulla pari re, duas amplius horas; concitata et, donec dux stetisset, Romana acie.

Complex tamen +(THE BATTLE)+ +PUGNATUM (EST)+ 1. duas amplius horas (_time_) 2. ut in nulla pari re (_manner_) 3. concitata ... Romana acie (_manner_)

_Sentence IV._

A. Postquam is non pro vetere fama solum, sed etiam metu futuri dedecoris, si sua temeritate contractae cladi superesset, obiectans se hostium telis cecidit, fusa extemplo est Romana acies.

Complex Postquam +ACIES+ Romana +FUSA EST+ 1. extemplo (_time_) 2. Postquam is ... cecidit (_time_)

A1. Postquam is ... cecidit

Subordinate _adv._ to +FUSA EST+ in A Postquam is non pro vetere ... +OBIECTANS+ telis cecidit

A2. si sua ... superesset

Subordinate _adv._ to +OBIECTANS+ in A1 si (he) superesset cladi sua temeritate contractae

DEMONSTRATION V.

_The Happy Life._

(a) Felix, qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas, I Atque metus omnes et inexorabile fatum Subiecit pedibus, strepitumque Acherontis avari! || Fortunatus et ille, deos qui novit agrestes, II Panaque, Silvanumque senem, Nymphasque sorores! || 5 Illum non populi fasces, non purpura regum III Flexit et infidos agitans discordia fratres, Aut coniurato descendens Dacus ab Histro, Non res Romanae, perituraque regna; || neque ille IV Aut doluit miserans inopem aut invidit habenti. || 10

VERGIL.

_The Happy Life._

(b) +Felix+, (qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas, I Atque metus omnes et inexorabile fatum Subiecit pedibus, strepitumque Acherontis avari!) +Fortunatus+ et +ille+, (deos qui novit agrestes, II Panaque, Silvanumque senem, Nymphasque sorores!) 5 +Illum+ non populi +fasces+, non +purpura+ regum III +Flexit+ et infidos agitans +discordia+ fratres, Aut coniurato descendens +Dacus+ ab Histro, Non +res Romanae, perituraque regna+; neque ille IV Aut +doluit+ miserans inopem aut +invidit habenti+. 10

VERGIL.

DEMONSTRATION V.

VERGIL, _Georg._ ii. 490-499.

_Read the Pa.s.sage carefully._--Notice as you read the many allusions and key-words in the pa.s.sage, _e.g._ +Acherontis+, +Pana+, +Silvanum+, +Nymphas+, +Dacus ab Istro+, +res Romanae+, +rerum causas+, and +populi fasces+. These, taken in connection with the main predicates +felix+, +fortunatus+, +non flexit+, +neque doluit+, +aut invidit+, will readily suggest to you the main thought of the pa.s.sage:--

_Happy is Nature's bard who knows and fears not: happy he too who knows the G.o.ds of the country. He is not distressed by ambition, nor wars, nor pain, nor envy._

+I.+

+Felix, qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas, Atque metus omnes et inexorabile fatum Subiecit pedibus, strepitumque Acherontis avari!+

(i.) _Vocabulary._--

+inexorabile+ = _relentless_; lit. _that cannot be moved by entreaty_.

+in+ (_not_) + +ex+ (_easily_) + +orabilis+ (_entreated_).

For +oro+ cf. +os+ = _mouth_; +orator+ = _speaker_; +oratio+ = _speech_.

+fatum+ = _fate_, _i.e._ of _death_, as the common lot of all men, the decree of nature.

+fatum+ = _that which is said_, espec. prophetically. v+fa+, fa. Cf.

+for+ (+fa-ri+), _speak_; +fa-ma+, _report_; +fa-bula+, _a story_; +in-fans+, _that cannot speak_; +fa-cundus+, _eloquent_.

+strepitum+ = _roar_; lit. a wild, confused noise, din of any kind; cf.

_obstreperous_.

+Acherontis+ = _Acheron_ = (a) a river in the Lower World; (b) the Lower World itself. Perh. +Acheron+ = ? ??ea ???? = the stream of woe; cf.

????t?? = _Cocytus_, river of _wailing_.