The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation
Chapter 316 : Industrial Relations. _See_ Labor; Steel Seizure Case.Infamous Crimes. _See_ Due proce

Industrial Relations. _See_ Labor; Steel Seizure Case.

Infamous Crimes. _See_ Due process of Law.

Inherent Powers of National Government, 279-280, 380

Inheritance Taxes. _See_ Taxation.

Insolvency. _See_ Bankruptcy.

Inspection Laws, State, power to impose, application to imports, exports, 235-238, 248, 250, 364-365

Insurance (_see also_ Abandoned Property; Corporations; Taxation: State): Agents acting as undertakers, sharing commissions, State regulations as to, 1021 Foreign companies, conditions of entry, regulation of relations with, 1021-1022 as Interstate commerce, Federal, State regulation of, 214-215 Liquidation of companies, rights of dissenting policyholders, 1023 Policy provisions, State regulations as to, 1022-1023 Rates, agent's commissions, State regulation of, 996, 1153, 1155 State regulation of, 996, 1021-1023, 1153, 1155

Insurrection. _See_ National Supremacy.

Interest. _See_ Money Lending.

International Law: Application to prizes of war, 295-296 as National public law, 277 Offenses against, punishment by Congress; trial of, by military commissions, 277-279 President, as enforcer of, 435, 486-487

Interstate Commerce. _See_ Commerce.

Interstate Commerce Commission, creation, powers, 134-137

Interstate Compacts. _See_ States: Agreements with other States.

Intoxicating Liquors (_see also_ Prohibition Amendment; Prohibition Repeal Amendment): Destined for Federal area, exempt from State taxation, 1283 Federal regulation, as affected by Twenty-first Amendment, 1233-1234 Imported, discrimination in favor of domestic, by States, 1231-1232 State power as to, scope under Twenty-first Amendment, 1231-1234 State prohibition, regulation of sale, of, 238-239, 1031-1032, 1155 Transportation into States in violation of State law, 1231-1233

Investigations by Congress, scope of power as to, 82-86

Involuntary Servitude: Conscription does not create, 284-285 Discriminations, compulsions, not amounting to, 284-285, 951-953 Peonage defined as, statutes creating, 950-951 Prohibited, except as punishment for crime; powers of Congress as to, 950-951, 953-954

J

j.a.panese (_see also_ Aliens): Exclusion from Pacific Coast in World War II, 297, 394-395

Jeopardy. _See_ Double Jeopardy.

Judgments (_see also_ Full Faith and Credit): Award of execution as essential to finality of, 511-512

Judges (Federal) (_see also_ Courts (Federal)): Impeachment, 502-504 of Legislative courts, tenure, salary, 534-535 Nonjudicial functions, 549 Salaries, diminution by taxation, etc., 105-106, 511, 530-531 Tenure, 511, 528-530

Judges (State), pecuniary interest in verdict, violative of due process, 1131

Judicial Power: Administrative power, as aid to, 521 Defined, scope, attributes of, 511-539, 595 Inherent limitations of, maxims of interpretation, 561-566 Vested in Supreme Court and inferior courts created by Congress, 511-512

Judicial Procedure. _See_ Courts (Federal); Courts (State).

Judicial Review. _See_ Courts (Federal).

Juries (_see also_ Courts (Federal); Public Officers of the United States): Challenges in selecting, "blue ribbon" juries, State regulations as to, 1109-1111 in Common law suits in Federal courts, functions of judges and, right to, waiver, 891-897 in Criminal trials in Federal courts, waiver, etc., 638, 878-880 Dispensing with, in State civil proceedings, 1096 Right to, in State criminal trials, 1109-1111 Selection, number, size of vote by, power of States to alter, 1096, 1109-1111

Jurisdiction, defined, distinguished from judicial power, 511-512

K

Kingbolt Clause. _See_ National Supremacy.

L

Labor (_see also_ Child Labor; Full Faith and Credit Clause; President: Powers; Women): Collective bargaining; closed-shop; picketing; strikes, slow-downs, and boycotts; unions; yellow-dog contracts, State regulations as to, 781, 991-994, 1158 Employer's freedom of speech, Wagner Act as curb on, 793 Employment agencies, State regulation of fees, etc., 997, 1023 Federal regulation, under commerce clause, 139-143, 152-158 Hours of, State regulations of, 968, 1158-1159 Injunctions in disputes, issuance by Federal courts, etc., not productive of slavery, 484-486, 621-622, 953 Liberty of contract, State interference with, 985-994 Longsh.o.r.emen's and Harbor Workers' Act, 581-582 Loyalty affidavits required of union officers, 794-795 Picketing, control of, as restraint on freedom of speech, press, 781-783 Railway, Federal regulations as to, 139-143 State laws regulating, conflict with Federal, effect, 249, 251-252 Steel Seizure Case, 489-499 Union publications supporting candidates, restraints on, 793 Wages, State regulations as to payment, rates, a.s.signments of, 987-988, 1020-1021, 1158 Wartime controls of, wage stabilization, 392, 395-397 Workmen's compensation laws (State), application to maritime workers, abolition of common law defenses, etc., 311, 580-582, 989-990, 1091 Work stoppages via union meetings during working hours, prohibition, 809

Land, Air and Naval Forces (_see also_ Militia; President: Powers): Air Force, establishment, 284 Congress, power to raise, support, regulate, 279, 283-287, 299-300 Conscription, validity, 284-285, 299-300 Courts martial, judicial review of, when a due process requisite, 285-286, 851 Courts martial, Presidential sanction of, decrees of, 476 Jury, not open to indictment or trial by, 285-286, 838 Offenses arising in, trial, punishment, 285-286 Personnel, care of, Federal regulations as to, 285, 299-300 Recruiting, etc., of, utterances obstructing, prohibition, 794

Legal Tender. _See_ Money.

Legislative Power: Delegation of, 71-82 Enumeration of; doctrine of, 71-73 Preamble no source of, 59-60

Legislative Process. _See_ Congress; Internal Organization; Legislative Power.

Libel, group, 802-804

Liens, on vessels, under State laws, 235

Limitation of Actions, State enactment of, due process restrictions on, 1092-1093

Liquor. _See_ Indians; Intoxicating Liquors.

Lobbying, as right of pet.i.tion, regulation, 810

Lotteries. _See_ Gambling.

M

Mandamus. _See_ Courts (Federal); States: Officers.

Maritime Law. _See_ Admiralty.

Marque and Reprisal, Letters of, grant by Congress, 279

Martial Law: Effect on personal liberty, 484 Nature of, when lawfully invoked, 398-403

Meat, importation, etc., of, State regulation, 236-238

Migration, interstate, State curbs on, 241-242, 968