The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Novel Chapters
List of most recent chapters published for the The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States novel. A total of 241 chapters have been translated and the release date of the last chapter is Apr 02, 2024
Latest Release: Chapter 1 : The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States.by Asa Gray.PREFACE.The first edi
The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States.by Asa Gray.PREFACE.The first edition of Gray's Manual was published in 1848. It was to a great extent rewritten and its range extended in 1856, and it was again largely rewritten in 1867. The gr
- 41 4. I. decidua, Walt. _Leaves wedge-oblong or lance-obovate, obtusely serrate, downy on the midrib_ beneath, s.h.i.+ning above, becoming thickish; peduncles of the sterile flowers longer than the petioles, of the fertile short; calyx-teeth smooth, acute.--
- 40 4. oXALIS, L. WOOD-SORREL.Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, sometimes united at base, withering after expansion. Stamens 10, usually monadelphous at base, alternately shorter. Styles 5, distinct. Pod oblong, membranaceous, 5-celled, more or less 5-lobed, ea
- 39 _Herbs (rarely shrubs) with the regular and symmetrical hypogynous flowers 4--6-merous throughout, strongly imbricated calyx and convolute petals, 5 stamens monadelphous at base, and an 8--10-seeded pod, having twice as many cells as there are styles._ Re
- 38 Calyx naked at the base, 5-toothed. Petals entire. _Flowers dicious_; the staminate flowers dest.i.tute of pistils, with 15--20 anthers; the fertile with a short column of filaments but usually no anthers. Styles 8--10, stigmatic along the inside. Fruit d
- 37 1. STUaRTIA, L.Sepals 5, rarely 6, ovate or lanceolate. Petals 5, rarely 6, obovate, crenulate. Stamens monadelphous below. Pod 5-celled. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, crustaceous, anatropous, ascending. Embryo straight, nearly as long as the alb.u.men; radi
- 36 1. aSCYRUM, L. ST. PETER'S-WORT.Sepals 4; the two outer very broad and leaf-like; the inner much smaller. Petals 4, oblique, very deciduous, convolute in the bud.Stamens numerous; the filaments distinct and scarcely in cl.u.s.ters. Pod strictly 1-cel
- 35 [*][*] _Parts of the flower in fives, the stamens not rarely 10._ 3. S. dec.u.mbens, Torr. & Gray. Annual, ascending; the peduncles and calyx with the margins of the upper leaves _at first glandular-p.u.b.escent_; leaves short, often bristly-tipped, not f
- 34 -- 2. ALSNE. _Pod splitting to the base into 3 entire valves; seeds many, usually rough, naked at the hilum; flowers solitary and terminal or cymose; root in our species perennial, except in n. 4._ [*] _Leaves small, rigid, awl-shaped or bristle-shaped._
- 33 1. DIaNTHUS, L. PINK. CARNATION.Calyx cylindrical, nerved or striate, 5-toothed, subtended by 2 or more imbricated bractlets. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Pod 1-celled, 4-valved at the apex. Seeds flattish on the back; embryo scarcely curved.--Ornamental plants,
- 32 10. V. rotundiflia, Michx. (ROUND-LEAVED VIOLET.) Leaves round-ovate, heart-shaped, slightly crenate; lateral petals bearded and marked with brown lines; spur very short.--Cold woods, Maine to Minn., and south along the Alleghanies.--Smoothish; leaves 1&#
- 31 2. HUDSNIA, L.Petals 5, fugacious (lasting but a day), much larger than the calyx.Stamens 9--30. Style long and slender; stigma minute. Pod oblong, enclosed in the calyx, strictly 1-celled, with 1 or 2 seeds attached near the base of each nerve-like place
- 30 S. CORONPUS, DC. Leaves less divided, with narrower lobes; _pods not notched at the apex, tubercled_.--At ports, R. I. to Va., etc. (Adv.from Eu.) 22. CAKLE, Tourn. SEA-ROCKET.Pod short, 2-jointed across, fleshy, the upper joint separating at maturity; ea
- 29 Pod linear, 4-sided, the valves keeled with a strong midrib; stigma broadly lobed. Seeds in 1 row in each cell, oblong, marginless.Cotyledons (often obliquely) inc.u.mbent.--Chiefly biennials, with yellow flowers; the leaves not clasping. p.u.b.escence of
- 28 D. VeRNA, L. (WHITLOW-GRa.s.s.) Small (scapes 1--3' high); leaves all radical, oblong or lanceolate; racemes elongated in fruit; pods varying from round-oval to oblong-lanceolate, smooth, shorter than the pedicels.--Sandy waste places and roadsides.
- 27 3. D. heterophlla, Nutt. Tubers near the surface, jointed, narrowly oblong or thick-clavate, prominently tubercled; leaves 3-foliolate, the leaflets distinctly petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to linear, entire to rather deeply crenate, rarely laciniate or lo
- 26 2. Leavenworthia. Seed winged; embryo straight or nearly so. Annual; stem often scapose, 1--few-flowered.3. Dentaria. Stem naked below, 2--3-leaved. Pod coriaceous, with thick placentas, long-styled. Seeds wingless; cotyledons thick, very unequal.4. Carda
- 25 Sepals 2 or 3, often p.r.i.c.kly. Petals 4--6. Style almost none; stigmas 3--6, radiate. Pod oblong, p.r.i.c.kly, opening by 3--6 valves at the top.Seeds crested.--Annuals or biennials, with p.r.i.c.kly bristles and yellow juice. Leaves sessile, sinuate-l
- 24 5. NuPHAR, Smith. YELLOW POND-LILY. SPATTER-DOCK.Sepals 5, 6, or sometimes more, colored, or partly green outside, roundish, concave. Petals numerous, small and thickish, stamen-like or scale-like, inserted with the very numerous short stamens on the rece
- 23 1. B. Canadensis, Pursh. (AMERICAN BARBERRY.) Leaves repandly toothed, the teeth less bristly-pointed; _racemes few-flowered_; petals notched at the apex; _berries oval_; otherwise as in the next.--Alleghanies of Va. and southward; _not_ in Canada. June.-
- 22 [*] _Leaves all scattered along the branches; leaf-buds silky._ 1. M. glauca, L. (SMALL or LAUREL MAGNOLIA. SWEET BAY.) _Leaves_ oval to broadly lanceolate, 3--6' long, _obtuse, glaucous beneath; flower globular, white_, 2' long, _very fragrant_
- 21 E. HYEMaLIS, Salisb. Dwarf; flowers cup-shaped, 1' in diameter; petals shorter than the stamens.--Near Philadelphia. (Adv. from Eu.) 16. AQUILeGIA, Tourn. COLUMBINE.Sepals 5, regular, colored like the petals. Petals 5, all alike, with a short spreadi
- 20 6. R. Flammula, L. (SMALLER SPEARWORT.) Stem reclining or ascending, rooting below, leaves lanceolate or linear, or the lowest ovate-oblong to lanceolate, entire or nearly so, mostly petioled (1--2' long), petals 5--7, much longer than the calyx, bri
- 19 Involucre simple and 3-leaved, very close to the flower, so as to resemble a calyx; otherwise as in Anemone.--Leaves all radical, heart-shaped and 3-lobed, thickish and persistent through the winter, the new ones appearing later than the flowers, which ar
- 18 [+][+][+] Flowers unsymmetrical and irregular. Sepals 5.17. Delphinium. Upper sepal spurred. Petals 4, of two forms; the upper pair with long spurs, enclosed in the spur of the calyx.18. Aconitum. Upper sepal hooded, covering the two long-clawed small pet
- 17 ! A mark of affirmation or authentication.Figures or words separated by a short dash (--) indicate the extremes of variation, as "5--10" long, few--many-flowered," i.e. varying from 5 to 10 lines in length, and with from few to many flowers
- 16 _Lehm._--Lehmann, J. G. C._Less._--Lessing, Christian Friedrich._Light._--Lightfoot, John._Lindb._--Lindberg, s.e.xtus Otto._Lindenb._--Lindenberg, Johann B. W. _Lindl._--Lindley, John._Loisel._--Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, J. L. A._Lour._--Loureiro, Juan._M
- 15 ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF AUTHORS CITED IN THIS VOLUME._Adans._--Adanson, Michel._Ait._--Aiton, William._Ait. f._--Aiton, William Townsend. _All._--Allioni, Carlo._Anders._--Andersson, Nils Johan._Arn._--Arnott, George A. Walker._Aust._--Austin, Coe F
- 14 Anthers extrorse, opening lengthwise. IRIDACEae, 513 Stamens 6; flowers usually on a scape from a bulb.AMARYLLIDACEae, 515 [2.] _Perianth adherent only to the base or lower half of the ovary._ Perianth woolly or roughish-mealy; leaves often equitant. HaeM
- 13 Three-nine-celled ovary; leaves heath-like. EMPETRACEae, 487 Three-celled ovary; leaves broad. RHAMNACEae, 111 One--two-celled ovary; styles or stigmas 2-cleft.URTICACEae, 461 One-celled ovary; style and stigma single and entire. Anthers opening longitudi
- 12 Stamens inserted on the receptacle. Leaves punctate with pellucid dots. Xanthoxylum, in RUTACEae, 106 Leaves not dotted. Calyx present, and usually colored or petal-like. RANUNCULACEae, 34 Calyx absent; flowers entirely naked, perfect, spiked. PIPERACEae,
- 11 Leaves opposite, their bases or petioles connected by stipules or a stipular line. LOGANIACEae, 345 Leaves when opposite without stipules.Stamens free from the corolla or nearly so; style 1.ERICACEae, 309 Stamens almost free from the corolla; style none.
- 10 One to three, always fewer than the corolla-lobes.VALERIANACEae, 228 Four or five; leaves opposite or whorled.Ovary 1-celled; flowers in a dense involucrate head.DIPSACEae, 229 Ovary 2--5-celled.Leaves whorled and without stipules. RUBIACEae, 222 Leaves
- 9 Ovary 2--several-celled.Anthers opening by pores at the apex; style 1.MELASTOMACEae, 183 Anthers not opening by pores.Stamens on a flat disk which covers the ovary. CELASTRACEae, 109 Stamens inserted on the calyx.Eight or four (rarely five); style 1. ONAG
- 8 Ovary sessile. SAXIFRAGACEae, 168 Ovary 2--several-celled. Flowers irregular. Anthers opening at the top, Six or eight and 1-celled; ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled. POLYGALACEae, 120 Ten and 2-celled; ovary 5-celled. Rhododendron, in ERICACEae, 286 Anthers open
- 7 Style twice or thrice forked; flowers moncious.Crotonopsis, in EUPHORBIACEae, 458 Styles 5; ovule and seed only one. PLUMBAGINACEae, 327 Ovary 2--4-celled.Calyx-lobes minute or obsolete; petals valvate. VITACEae, 112 Calyx 4--5-cleft, valvate in the bud;
- 6 Flowers dicious; twiners with alternate leaves. MENISPERMACEae, 51 Flowers perfect; if climbers, the leaves opposite. Leaves not peltate; petals deciduous. RANUNCULACEae, 34 Leaves peltate; petals persistent. Brasenia, in NYMPHaeACEae, 55 Pistils several-
- 5 [+] 4. Perianth of 4 or 6 segments, the inner often petaloid, or none; carpels solitary or distinct (coherent in Triglochin); seeds without alb.u.men; aquatic or marsh plants, often moncious or dicious.125. Alismaceae (p. 553). Perianth of 6 segments, the
- 4 [+] 1. Ovary superior, 3-celled (1-celled in Crotonopsis) with 1 or 2 pendulous ovules in each cell; herbs.98. Euphorbiaceae (p. 451). Flowers moncious or dicious (involucrate and apparently perfect in Euphorbia). Mostly with milky juice, and usually alte
- 3 69. Gentianaceae (p. 346). Glabrous herbs; leaves entire, sessile and simple (except in Menyanthes). Capsule 1-celled with 2 parietal placentae or the whole inner surface ovuliferous, many-seeded.[b.] Leaves alternate (sometimes opposite in Polemoniaceae
- 2 [*] 3. Ovary inferior (except in Pa.s.sifloraceae and Ficoideae), 1-celled with parietal placentae or several-celled by the intrusion of the placentae; flowers regular, perfect or unis.e.xual; styles free or united; herbs.[+] Embryo straight; cotyledons f
- 1 The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States.by Asa Gray.PREFACE.The first edition of Gray's Manual was published in 1848. It was to a great extent rewritten and its range extended in 1856, and it was again largely rewritten in 1867. The gr