The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Novel Chapters
List of most recent chapters published for the The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States novel. A total of 241 chapters have been translated and the release date of the last chapter is Apr 02, 2024
Latest Release: Chapter 1 : The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States.by Asa Gray.PREFACE.The first edi
The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States.by Asa Gray.PREFACE.The first edition of Gray's Manual was published in 1848. It was to a great extent rewritten and its range extended in 1856, and it was again largely rewritten in 1867. The gr
- 141 Flowers 3--5 in the same 5-lobed membranaceous broad and open involucre, which enlarges and is thin and reticulated in fruit. Calyx with a very short tube and a bell-shaped (rose or purple) deciduous limb, plaited in the bud. Stamens mostly 3 (3--5), hypo
- 140 [+] _Leaves obscurely or not at all cordate, sessile or short-petioled._ 1. S. hyssopiflia, Michx. _Smooth and glabrous_, or the nodes hirsute; stems slender (1 high); _leaves linear-oblong or narrowly linear, sessile_, obscurely toothed toward the apex;
- 139 Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, somewhat 10-nerved and reticulated-veiny, flattened on the upper side, naked in the throat, closed in fruit, 2-lipped; upper lip broad and flat, truncate, with 3 short teeth, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla ascending, slightly contra
- 138 Calyx ovoid-tubular, 13-nerved, 2-lipped, naked in the throat; upper lip with 3 awned teeth, the lower with 2 nearly awnless teeth. Corolla inflated in the throat, strongly and nearly equally 2-lipped; upper lip erect, entire, the lower spreading, 3-cleft
- 137 -- 1. _Flowers loose, without long-subulate bracts; calyx villous in the throat._ [*] _p.u.b.escent; peduncles short but mostly distinct; bracts minute._ C. NePETA, Link. (BASIL-THYME.) Soft-hairy; stem ascending (1--3 high); leaves petioled, broadly ovat
- 136 [++][++] _Outer bracts conspicuous; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx._ 4. L. lucidus, Turcz., var. America.n.u.s, Gray. Stem strict, stout, 2--3 high; leaves lanceolate and oblong-lanceolate (2--4' long), acute or ac.u.minate, very sharply and coa.r.s.
- 135 1. T. dichotomum, L. (b.a.s.t.a.r.d PENNYROYAL.) Viscid with rather minute p.u.b.escence; _leaves lance-oblong or rhombic-lanceolate_, rarely lance-linear, short-petioled.--Sandy fields, E. Ma.s.s. to Ky., south to Fla. and Tex.2. T. lineare, Nutt. p.u.b.
- 134 8. Lycopus. Fertile stamens 2, and often 2 sterile filaments without anthers.[+][+] Corolla more or less 2-lipped.[++] Stamens distant and straight, often divergent, never convergent nor curved.[=] Stamens 2, with or without rudiments of the upper pair.9.
- 133 4. Phryma. Flowers in slender spikes. Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped. Fruit an achene.1. VERBeNA, Tourn. VERVAIN.Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, one of the teeth often shorter than the others. Corolla tubular, often curved, salver-form; the border somewhat unequal
- 132 3. Catalpa. Pod terete. Fertile stamens only 2. Trees; leaves simple.1. BIGNNIA, Tourn.Calyx truncate, or slightly 5-toothed. Corolla somewhat bell-shaped, 5-lobed and rather 2-lipped. Stamens 4, often showing a rudiment of the fifth. Capsule linear, 2-ce
- 131 2. A. fasciculatum, Gray. _Scaly stem erect and rising 3--4' out of the ground_, mostly longer than the crowded peduncles; _divisions of the calyx triangular, very much shorter than the corolla_, which has rounded short lobes.--Sandy ground, L. Michigan
- 130 Corolla with the upper lip (_galea_) little longer and usually much narrower than the inflated 1--3-saccate lower one. Otherwise nearly as Castilleia. (Name from ?????, _upright_, and ?a?p??, _fruit_.) 1. O. luteus, Nutt. Annual, p.u.b.escent and hirsute,
- 129 8. V. peregrna, L. (NECKWEED. PURSLANE SPEEDWELL.) Glandular-p.u.b.erulent or _nearly smooth_, erect (4--9' high), branched; _lowest leaves petioled, oval-oblong, toothed_, thickish, the others sessile, obtuse; the upper oblong-linear and entire, longer
- 128 4. H. Monniera, HBK. Glabrous, prostrate and creeping; leaves spatulate to obovate-cuneate, entire or somewhat toothed, nearly nerveless, sessile; corolla pale blue.--River-banks and sh.o.r.es near the sea, Md. to Tex.11. LIMOSeLLA, L. MUDWORT.Calyx bell-
- 127 A. MaJUS, L. (LARGE SNAPDRAGON.) A large-flowered perennial, with oblong smooth leaves and a glandular-downy raceme; sepals short; corolla 1--2'long, purple or white.--Eastward, escaping from gardens. (Adv. from Eu.) 4. SCROPHULaRIA, Tourn. FIGWORT.Calyx
- 126 11. Limosella. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla open bell-shaped, 5-cleft, nearly regular. Leaves alternate or fascicled, fleshy. Dwarf aquatic or marsh plant.[*][*] Anther-bearing stamens 2; usually also a pair of sterile filaments.12. Gratiola. Calyx 5-parted.
- 125 4. P. p.u.b.escens, L. _Annual_, diffusely much branched or at length dec.u.mbent; leaves angulate- or repand-toothed or nearly entire; _corolla_ spotted with brown purple in the centre, 5--6" _broad_ when expanded, obscurely 5--10-toothed; _anthers viol
- 124 10. C. glomerata, Choisy. Flowers _very densely cl.u.s.tered_, forming knotty ma.s.ses closely encircling the stem of the foster plant, much imbricated with scarious oblong _bracts, their tips recurved-spreading; sepals nearly similar_, shorter than the o
- 123 [+] _Leaves cordate, ac.u.minate._ 1 I. pandurata, Meyer. (WILD POTATO-VINE. MAN-OF-THE-EARTH.) Perennial, smooth or nearly so when old, trailing or sometimes twining; leaves occasionally contracted at the sides so as to be fiddle-shaped; _peduncles longe
- 122 [*] _Corolla-tube one half to twice longer than the calyx, not much longer than the ample limb, the lobes entire; appendages little if at all projecting._ 2. L. hirtum, Lehm. _Hispid_ with bristly hairs (1--2 high); stem-leaves lanceolate or linear, those
- 121 2. CYNOGLoSSUM, Tourn. HOUND'S-TONGUE.Corolla funnel-form, the tube about equalling the 5-parted calyx, and throat closed with 5 obtuse scales; lobes rounded. Stamens included.Nutlets depressed or convex, oblique, fixed near the apex to the base of the s
- 120 May, June.--Corolla bright blue, 6" broad, with 5 pairs of longitudinal ciliate folds, covering as many externally keeled deep grooves. Stamens bearded below and with the style exserted.-- 2. COSMaNTHUS. _Ovules and seeds as in -- 1; corolla almost rotat
- 119 7. P. reptans, Michx. _Runners creeping_, bearing _roundish-obovate_ smoothish and thickish leaves; flowering stems (4--8' high) and their _oblong or ovate obtuse leaves_ (' long) _p.u.b.escent_, often clammy; cyme close, few-flowered; calyx-teeth linea
- 118 12. G. angustiflia, Michx. Stems slender and ascending (6--15' high), mostly simple; leaves linear or the lower oblanceolate, rigid; corolla open-funnel-form (2' long), azure-blue, also a greenish and white variety, about twice the length of the thread-
- 117 Calyx 5--12-parted, the divisions slender. Corolla 5--12-parted, wheel-shaped. Stamens 5--12; anthers soon recurved. Style 2-cleft or -parted, slender.--Biennials or annuals, with slender stems, and cymose-panicled handsome (white or rose-purple) flowers,
- 116 5. G. Shortii, Gray. Resembles n. 3, but larger-leaved; corolla oblong-conical in bud, dark crimson-purple, its lobes ligulate (fully 6" long); _crown about 10-toothed, the alternate teeth thinner, narrower and longer, either emarginate or 2-parted_.--Al
- 115 8. A. Sullivantii, Engelm. _Very smooth_ throughout, tall; leaves ovate-oblong with a somewhat heart-shaped base, nearly sessile; _hoods obovate_, entire, _obtusely 2-eared at the base_ outside; flowers larger (9" long) and more purple than in the last;
- 114 Filaments slender. Calyx glandular inside. Leaves opposite.3. Apocynum. Seeds comose. Corolla bell-shaped, appendaged within.Filaments short, broad and flat. Calyx not glandular. Leaves opposite.1. AMSNIA, Walt.Calyx 5-parted, small. Corolla with a narrow
- 113 1. S. grandiflia, Ait. Shrub 4--12 high; leaves obovate, acute or pointed, _white-tomentose beneath_ (3--6' long); _flowers mostly in elongated racemes_; corolla ({1/3}' long) convolute-imbricated in bud.--Woods, S. Va. to Fla.2. S. pulverulenta, Michx.
- 112 [*] _Flowers (middle-sized) in a terminal leafy panicle; corolla without marks._ L. VULGaRIS, L., a coa.r.s.e and tall European species, p.u.b.escent and branching, with ovate-lanceolate distinctly petioled leaves, and glandular filaments united to near t
- 111 Tribe II. PRIMULEae. Ovary wholly free.[*] Stemless, leaves all in a cl.u.s.ter from the root; capsule dehiscent by valves or teeth.2. Dodecatheon. Corolla reflexed, 5-parted. Stamens exserted, connivent in a cone.3. Primula. Corolla funnel-form or salver
- 110 6. P. rotundiflia, L. _Leaves...o...b..cular, thick, s.h.i.+ning_, usually shorter than the petiole; scape many-bracted (6--12' high), raceme elongated, many-flowered; _calyx-lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate_, acutish, with somewhat spreading tips,
- 109 2. R. viscsum, Torr. (CLAMMY A. WHITE SWAMP-HONEYSUCKLE.) _Branchlets bristly_, as well as the margins and midrib of the oblong-obovate otherwise smooth leaves; _calyx-lobes minute; corolla clammy, the tube much longer than the lobes_. (Azalea viscosa, _L
- 108 Calyx without bractlets, of 5 almost distinct sepals, valvate in the bud. Corolla ovate, 5-toothed, p.u.b.erulent. Stamens 10; anthers fixed near the base, linear, awnless, the cells tapering upward and opening by a long c.h.i.n.k. Capsule oblong-pyramida
- 107 6. V. vacillans, Solander. (LOW BLUEBERRY.) _Low_ (1--2 high), _glabrous_, with yellowish-green branchlets; _leaves obovate or oval, very pale or dull, glaucous_, at least underneath, minutely ciliolate-serrulate or entire; corolla between bell-shaped and
- 106 12. Calluna. Corolla bell-shaped, 4-parted. Leaves minute, opposite, imbricate.Tribe IV. RHODODENDREae. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Corolla deciduous.[*] Anther-cells opening by a hole or c.h.i.n.k at the top.[+] Flowers not from scaly buds; the bracts le
- 105 ORDER 57. CAMPANULaCEae. (CAMPANULA FAMILY.) _Herbs, with milky juice, alternate leaves, and scattered flowers; calyx adherent to the ovary; the regular 5-lobed corolla bell-shaped, valvate in the bud; the 5 stamens usually free from the corolla and disti
- 104 2. L. integriflia, Bigel. Less leafy, 3--4 high, loosely branched above or heads loosely panicled; leaves undivided, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, denticulate or entire; flowers yellow or purplish. (L.Canadensis, var. integrifolia, _Torr. & Gray_.)--N. Eng.
- 103 from Eu.) 91. PRENaNTHES, Vaill. RATTLESNAKE-ROOT.Heads 5--30-flowered. Involucre cylindrical, of 5 to 14 linear scales in a single row, and a few small bractlets at base. Achenes short, linear-oblong, striate or grooved, not contracted at the apex. Pappu
- 102 83. LaMPSANA, Tourn. NIPPLE-WORT.Heads 8--12-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect, in one row. Receptacle naked. Achenes oblong; pappus none.--Slender branching annuals, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely panicled small heads; fl
- 101 3. C. atripliciflia, L. (PALE INDIAN P.) Glaucous; stem terete (3--6 high); leaves _palmately veined and angulate-lobed_, the lower triangular-kidney-form or slightly heart-shaped, the upper rhomboid or wedge-form, _toothed_.--Rich woodlands, western N. Y
- 100 A. aNNUA, L. Tall, much branched; leaves 2-pinnately divided, the oblong segments deeply pinnatifid; heads small, in a loose ample panicle.--Ind.to Kan. (Nat. from Old World.) -- 3. _Receptacle hairy; flowers all fertile, the marginal ones pistillate._ A.
- 99 1. D. chrysanthemodes, Lag. Nearly smooth, diffusely branched (6--18'high); leaves opposite, pinnately parted, the narrow lobes bristly-toothed or cut; rays few, scarcely exceeding the involucre.--Roadsides, and banks of rivers, Minn. to Ill., Tenn., and
- 98 6. B. Beckii, Torr. (WATER MARIGOLD.) Aquatic, perhaps perennial, smooth; stems long and slender; immersed leaves crowded, capillary, many times dissected, the few emerging ones lanceolate, slightly connate, toothed; heads single, short-peduncled; involuc
- 97 1. A. squarrsa, Nutt. Stem somewhat hairy, usually winged above (4--8 high); leaves alternate or the lower opposite, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, pointed at both ends; rays 2--8, irregular.--Rich soil, Penn. and W. New York to Iowa, and southward. Sept.55.
- 96 1. H. annuus, L. (COMMON SUNFLOWER.) Tall, rough; leaves triple-ribbed, ovate or the lower cordate, serrate; involucral scales broadly ovate to oblong, long-pointed, ciliate; disk usually 1' broad or more.--Minn. to Tex., and westward; long cultivated, a
- 95 [*][*] _Leaves cordate or ovate, 3-nerved, dentate and often lobed, long-petiolate; axils unarmed; fruit 2-beaked._ X. STRUMaRIUM, L. Low (1--2 high); fruit 6--8" long, glabrous or p.u.b.erulent, with usually straight beaks and rather slender spines.--A
- 94 (S??f???, the ancient name of some resinous plant, transferred by Linnaeus to this American genus.) [*] _Stem terete, alternate-leaved (root very large and thick)._ 1. S. laciniatum, L. (ROSIN-WEED. COMPa.s.s-PLANT.) _Rough-bristly throughout_, stem stout
- 93 Heads many-flowered; the flowers all tubular, dicious, i.e., the pistillate and staminate borne by different plants. Involucre imbricated. Corolla of the pistillate flowers very slender and thread-like; of the staminate, larger and 5-lobed. Anthers taille
- 92 SUBaSPER, Gray, a rigid scabrous form, with contracted leafy inflorescence, the broad heads usually leafy-bracteate and the broader scales often obtuse. Ill. to Tex.[=][=] _Heads small or middle-sized, the looser linear scales somewhat equal and erect, an
- 91 Var. rigidulus, Gray. Low, with more rigid and hispidulous scabrous leaves.--In drier places, Ill., Wisc., and southwestward.12. A. Nvae-angliae, L. _Stem stout, hairy_ (3--8 high), corymbed at the summit; _leaves very numerous, lanceolate, entire, acute,
- 90 Heads 12--20-flowered, radiate; the rays about 5, fertile (white).Involucre somewhat cylindrical or club-shaped; the scales closely imbricated in several rows, cartilaginous and whitish, appressed, with short and abrupt often spreading green tips. Recepta
- 89 31. S. serotina, Ait. _Stem_ stout (2--7 high), _smooth, often glaucous; leaves quite smooth both sides_, lanceolate, taper-pointed, very sharply serrate, except the narrowed base, rough-ciliate; the ample panicle p.u.b.escent; _rays 7--14, rather long_.
- 88 [+] _Heads small (3" long), cl.u.s.tered along the stem in the axils of the feather-veined leaves, or the upper forming a thyrse._ [++] _Achenes p.u.b.escent._ 3. S. cae'sia, L. Smooth; _stem terete, mostly glaucous_, at length much branched and diffuse
- 87 1. H. Lamarckii, Ca.s.s. Annual or biennial, 1--3 high, bearing numerous small heads; leaves oval or oblong, the lower with petioles auricled at base, the upper mostly subcordate-clasping.--S. E. Kan., and southward.14. CHRYSoPSIS, Nutt. GOLDEN ASTER.Head
- 86 [*][*][*] _Heads 8--30-flowered; involucral scales nearly equal, in one row; leaves opposite, ovate, petioled, triple-nerved, not resinous-dotted; flowers white._ 14. E. ageratodes, L. (WHITE SNAKE-ROOT.) Smooth, branching (3 high); _leaves broadly ovate,
- 85 1. V. Arkansana, DC. Tall, rather glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate, retrorsely denticulate; involucre very squarrose, the scales with long filiform tips.--Mo., Kan., and southward.[*][*] _Heads ' high or less, 15--40-flowered._ [+] _Leaves narrowly lin
- 84 Scales of the involucre in two rows. Leaves opposite 74 Scales of the involucre imbricated. Leaves alternate 10, 11, 15, 17, 35 [*] 2. Pappus a circle of awns or rigid bristles (at least in the disk).Ray yellow, awns few (2--8) 12 Ray rose-color 23 [*] 3
- 83 95. Pyrrhopappus. Scapose or branched. Pappus reddish, the base surrounded by a soft villous ring.96. Chondrilla. Stem branching, leafy. Involucre few-flowered, calyculate. Pappus white.[+][+] Achenes flat or flattish. Pappus white, fine and soft. Involuc
- 82 [+] Heads rather large, pedunculate, radiate or rarely rayless.68. Matricaria. Receptacle conical. Rays pistillate or none. Pappus crown-like or none.69. Chrysanthemum. Receptacle flattish. Rays many, pistillate. Pappus none.[+][+] Heads mostly small, dis
- 81 42. Iva. Achenes short, thick. Involucre of few roundish scales.[+][+] Heads of two sorts on the same plant, the upper staminate with an open cup-shaped involucre, the lower pistillate, of 1--4 flowers in a closed bur-like involucre.43. Ambrosia. Scales o
- 80 14. Chrysopsis. Heads many-flowered; rays numerous. The outer pappus of very small chaffy bristles, much shorter than the inner of copious capillary bristles.[=][=] Pappus simple.15. Aplopappus. Heads many-flowered, many-radiate. Involucre hemispherical.
- 79 [+][+] _Fertile cell as broad as the empty ones, beaked; cross-section quadrate._ 2. V. radiata, Dufr. Fruit ovate-tetragonal, _downy-p.u.b.escent_ (sometimes glabrous); empty cells as thick as the oblong-ovate fertile one, or thicker, _a broad shallow gr
- 78 G. MOLLuGO, L. Perennial, smooth throughout; stems erect or diffuse, 2 or 3 long; leaves 8, or 6 on the branchlets, oblanceolate to nearly linear; flowers very numerous in ample almost leafless panicles; fruit smooth.--Roadsides and fields, N. Y. and Penn
- 77 [+][+] Flowers twin; their ovaries united into one. Fruit a 2-eyed berry.4. Mitch.e.l.la. Corolla funnel-form; its lobes 4. A creeping herb.[+][+][+] Flowers axillary, separate. Fruit dry when ripe. Herbs.5. Spermacoce. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form;
- 76 4. TRIoSTEUM, L. FEVER-WORT. HORSE-GENTIAN.Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, leaf-like, persistent. Corolla tubular, gibbous at base, somewhat equally 5-lobed, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens 5. Ovary mostly 3-celled, in fruit forming a rather dry dr
- 75 _Shrubs, or rarely herbs, with opposite leaves, no (genuine) stipules, the calyx-tube coherent with the 2--5-celled ovary, the stamens as many as_ (one fewer in Linnaea, doubled in Adoxa) _the lobes of the tubular or rotate corolla, and inserted on its tu
- 74 ORDER 49. ARALIaCEae. (GINSENG FAMILY.) _Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with much the same characters as_ Umbelliferae, _but with usually more than 2 styles, and the fruit a few--several-celled drupe._--Alb.u.men mostly fleshy. Petals not inflexed.1. ARaLIA, To
- 73 1. D. capillacea, DC. Plant 1--2 high (or even 5--6); leaves dissected into filiform divisions; umbel 5--20-rayed, involucre of filiform bracts usually cleft or parted, and involucels more or less prominent, fruit 1--1" long, ovate, acute.--Wet ground, M
- 72 18. EuLOPHUS, Nutt.Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit ovate or oblong, glabrous, with equal filiform ribs; oil-tubes 1--5 in the intervals; stylopodium conical, with long recurved styles; seed-face broadly concave, with a central longitudinal ridge.--Glabrous p
- 71 7. PASTINaCA, L. PARSNIP.Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oval, very much flattened dorsally; dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral extended into broad wings, which are strongly nerved toward the outer margin; oil-tubes small, solitary in the intervals, 2--4 on th
- 70 25. Carum. Ribs filiform or inconspicuous; stylopodium short-conical.Leaf-segments filiform. Roots tuberous.26. Cicuta. Ribs flattish, corky, the lateral largest. Marsh perennials, with serrate leaflets, the veins often running to the notches.27. aegopodi
- 69 _Herbs, with small flowers in umbels (or rarely in heads), the calyx entirely adhering to the 2-celled and 2-ovuled ovary, the 5 petals and 5 stamens inserted on the disk that crowns the ovary and surrounds the base of the 2 styles. Fruit consisting of 2
- 68 Flowers moncious. Petals 5, united below into a bell-shaped or flattish corolla. Anthers cohering in a ma.s.s. Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule; style slender; stigmas 3. Fruit ovate, dry and indehiscent, filled by the single seed, covered wi
- 67 16. . serrulata, Nutt. Slender (3--15' high), simple or branched, canescent or glabrous; leaves linear to lanceolate (1--3' long), _irregularly and sharply denticulate; calyx-tube broadly funnnelform (2--4' long)_, strongly nerved; petals broadly obova
- 66 [*][*][*] _Stigma clavate; stem somewhat quadrangular with 2--4 ridges or hairy lines decurrent from some of the leaves._ [+] _Tall and mostly branching, many-flowered; leaves rather large, toothed, not revolute, the lower opposite; seeds papillose._ 4. E
- 65 6. CuPHEA, Jacq.Calyx tubular, 12-ribbed, somewhat inflated below, gibbous or spurred at the base on the upper side, 6-toothed at the apex, and usually with as many little processes in the sinuses. Petals 6, very unequal. Stamens mostly 12, approximate in
- 64 Calyx-tube urn-shaped, coherent with the ovary below, and continued above it, persistent, 4-cleft at the apex. Petals 4, convolute in the bud, oblique, inserted along with the 8 stamens on the summit of the calyx-tube. Anthers long, 1-celled, inverted in
- 63 Stamens about 24, borne on the margin of the calyx in one row, all alike; filaments very long, thickened at the top (white). Styles 2, slender. Capsule cohering with the base of the calyx, 2-lobed, 2-celled, with a single bony seed in each cell.--A low sh
- 62 1. P. sedodes, L. Leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends.--Open wet places, N. Brunswick to Fla., west to Minn., E. Kan., and Tex.July--Oct. Parts of the flower rarely in sixes or sevens.2. TILLae'A, Mich.Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils 3 or 4. Pods
- 61 1. P. parviflra, DC. _Petals sessile_, little longer than the calyx (3" long); _sterile filaments about 7 in each set, slender; leaves ovate or oblong_, tapering at base.--Sandy banks, Lab. to Mich., N. Minn., and westward.2. P. pal.u.s.tris, L. Scapes 3
- 60 [*][*] _Stems ascending; leaves alternate; calyx coherent below with the capsule._ 2. S. rivularis, L. (ALPINE BROOK-S.) Small, stems weak, 3--5-flowered; lower _leaves rounded, 3--5-lobed_, on slender petioles, the upper lanceolate; _petals white, ovate_
- 59 1. A. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. (SHAD-BUSH. SERVICE-BERRY.) A tree 10--30 high, nearly or soon glabrous; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, usually somewhat cordate at base, pointed, very sharply serrate, 1--3'long; bracts and stipules very long-silky-ciliate
- 58 [*][*][*] _Styles distinct; sepals spreading after flowering and deciduous; infrastipular spines usually present, often with scattered p.r.i.c.kles; sepals, globose receptacle, and pedicel usually hispid; teeth simple; p.u.b.escence not resinous._ [+] _Le
- 57 -- 2. _Styles filiform, not glandular at base; inflorescence cymose._ [*] _Style terminal; achenes glabrous; stamens 20; herbaceous perennials, with rather large yellow flowers._ [+] _Leaves pinnate._ 6. P. Hippiana, Lehm. Densely white-tomentose and silk
- 56 6. DALIBaRDA, L.Calyx deeply 5--6-parted, 3 of the divisions larger and toothed. Petals 5, sessile, deciduous. Stamens many. Ovaries 5--10, becoming nearly dry seed-like drupes; styles terminal, deciduous.--Low perennials, with creeping and densely tufted
- 55 4. P. Chicasa, Michx. (CHICKASAW PLUM.) Stem scarcely th.o.r.n.y (8--15 high); _leaves nearly lanceolate, finely serrulate, glabrous_; fruit globular, _red, nearly dest.i.tute of bloom_ (--{2/3}' in diameter); the ovoid stone almost as thick as wide, rou
- 54 ORDER 33. ROSaCEae. (ROSE FAMILY.) _Plants with regular flowers, numerous (rarely few) distinct stamens inserted on the calyx, and 1--many pistils, which are quite distinct, or (in the last tribe) united and combined with the calyx tube. Seeds (anatropous
- 53 2. A. Pitcheri, Torr. & Gray. Leaflets usually 2--4' long; rhachis of the racemes usually villous; calyx 3" long, the teeth ac.u.minate; ovary hairy.--Western N. Y. to Ill., Mo., La., and Tex. The upper flowers more commonly fertile; apparently producin
- 52 1. V. Cracca, L. Downy-p.u.b.escent; _leaflets 20--24, oblong-lanceolate, strongly mucronate; spikes densely many-flowered_, 1-sided; flowers blue, turning purple, 6" long, reflexed; calyx-teeth shorter than the tube.--Borders of thickets, Newf. to N. J.
- 51 9. D. Illinoense, Gray. Erect (3--5 high); stem and leaves with short rough p.u.b.escence; leaflets ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate (2--4'long), obtuse, subcoriaceous, cinereous beneath, veins and veinlets prominent, strongly reticulated, the lower leaf
- 50 11. A. gracilis, Nutt. Subcinereous, slender (1 high or more); leaflets 11--17, linear, obtuse or retuse; racemes loose; flowers small (3"long); _pods pendent_, 2--3" long, coriaceous, elliptic-ovate, _concave on the back_, the ventral suture prominent,
- 49 16. PETALOSTeMON, Michx. PRAIRIE CLOVER.Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla indistinctly papilionaceous; petals all on thread-shaped claws, 4 of them nearly similar and spreading, borne on the top of the monadelphous and cleft sheath of filaments, alternate with the
- 48 10. MELILTUS, Tourn. MELILOT. SWEET CLOVER.Flowers much as in Trifolium, but in spike-like racemes, small; corolla deciduous, free from the stamen-tube. Pod ovoid, coriaceous, wrinkled, longer than the calyx, scarcely dehiscent, 1--2-seeded.--Annual or bi
- 47 [+][+][+] _Flowers indigo-blue._ 6. B. australis, R. Br. (BLUE FALSE-INDIGO.) Smooth, tall and stout (4--5); leaflets oblong-wedge-form, obtuse; stipules lanceolate, as long as the petioles, rather persistent; raceme elongated (1--2) and many-flowered, er
- 46 Joints oblong, 4-angled. Flowers umbellate.26. Hedysarum. Stamens unequally diadelphous (9 and 1). Calyx 5-cleft.Pod several-jointed; joints roundish.[=][=] Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate.27. Desmodium. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1) or m
- 45 ORDER 32. LEGUMINSae. (PULSE FAMILY.) _Plants with papilionaceous or sometimes regular flowers, 10 (rarely 5 and sometimes many) monadelphous, diadelphous, or rarely distinct stamens, and a single simple free pistil, becoming a legume in fruit.Seeds mostl
- 44 Calyx small, 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5, inserted under the edge or between the lobes of a flattened disk in the bottom of the calyx. Fruit small and indehiscent, a sort of dry drupe.--Leaves usually compound.Flowers greenish-white or yellowish. (The o
- 43 ORDER 29. SAPINDaCEae. (SOAPBERRY FAMILY.) _Trees or shrubs, with simple or compound leaves, mostly unsymmetrical and often irregular flowers; the 4--5 sepals and petals imbricated in aestivation; the 5--10 stamens inserted on a fleshy (perigynous or hypo
- 42 2. RHaMNUS, Tourn. BUCKTHORN.Calyx 4--5-cleft; the tube campanulate, lined with the disk. Petals small, short-clawed, notched at the end, wrapped around the short stamens, or sometimes none. Ovary free, 2--4-celled. Drupe berry-like (black), containing 2-