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The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation
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The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation Novel Chapters
List of most recent chapters published for the The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation novel. A total of 323 chapters have been translated and the release date of the last chapter is Apr 02, 2024
Latest Release: Chapter 1 : The Const.i.tution of the United States ofAmerica: a.n.a.lysis and Interpretation.by Edw
The Const.i.tution of the United States ofAmerica: a.n.a.lysis and Interpretation.by Edward Corwin.PREFACE.By Honorable Alexander Wiley._Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee_ To the Members and Committees of the Congress, the Const.i.tution is mor
- 223 Provision authorizing Federal courts to require production of doc.u.ments in proceedings, other than criminal, under the revenue laws (the allegations expected to be proved thereby to be taken as proved, on failure to produce such doc.u.ments), _held_ as
- 222 AMENDMENT 22 PRESIDENTIAL TENURE Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person
- 221 Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Const.i.tution by the legislatures o
- 220 Enforcement Cases produced by enforcement and arising under Amendments Four and Five are considered in the discussion appearing under the latter amendments.Repeal This amendment was repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment, and t.i.tles I and II of the Nati
- 219 [38] Ibid. _See also_ Walsh _v._ Brewster, 255 U.S. 536 (1921).[39] Lucas _v._ Alexander, 279 U.S. 573 (1929).However, a litigant who, in 1915, reduced to judgment, a suit pending on February 26, 1913 for an accounting under a patent infringement, was una
- 218 Accordingly, one who in 1913 borrowed a sum of money to be repaid in German marks and who subsequently lost said money in a business transaction cannot be taxed on the curtailment of debt effected by using depreciated marks in 1921 to settle a liability o
- 217 [7] United States _v._ Cla.s.sic, 313 U.S. 299 (1941); Smith _v._ Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944).[8] Nixon _v._ Herndon, 273 U.S. 536 (1927).[9] Nixon _v._ Condon, 286 U.S. 73, 89 (1932).[10] Grovey _v._ Townsend, 295 U.S. 45, 55 (1935).[11] 321 U.S. 649
- 216 (Griffin's Case, 11 Fed. Cas. No. 5815 (1869)). Nor were persons who had taken part in the Civil War and had been pardoned therefor by the President before the adoption of this Amendment precluded by this section from again holding office under the Unite
- 215 [1179] United States _v._ Cla.s.sic, 313 U.S. 299 (1941).[1180] 321 U.S. 649 (1944).[1181] Pope _v._ Williams, 193 U.S. 621 (1904).[1182] 321 U.S. 1 (1944).[1183] 328 U.S. 549, 566 (1946). Justice Black dissented on the ground that the equal protection cl
- 214 [1133] New York C.R. Co. _v._ White, 243 U.S. 188 (1917); Middleton _v._ Texas Power & Light Co., 249 U.S. 152 (1919); Ward & Gow _v._ Krinsky, 259 U.S. 503 (1922).[1134] Lincoln Federal Labor Union _v._ Northwestern Co., 335 U.S. 525 (1949).[1135] Miller
- 213 _Cotton gins:_ in a State where cotton gins are held to be public utilities and their rates regulated, the granting of a license to a cooperative a.s.sociation distributing profits ratably to members and nonmembers does not deny other persons operating gi
- 212 [1060] State Tax Comrs. _v._ Jackson, 283 U.S. 527, 537 (1931).[1061] Colgate _v._ Harvey, 296 U.S. 404, 422 (1935).[1062] Darnell _v._ Indiana, 226 U.S. 390, 398 (1912); Farmers & M. Sav.Bank _v._ Minnesota, 232 U.S. 516, 531 (1914).[1063] Morf _v._ Bing
- 211 [1036] Crescent Cotton Oil Co. _v._ Mississippi, 257 U.S. 129, 137 (1921).[1037] West Coast Hotel Co. _v._ Parrish, 300 U.S. 379, 400 (1937).[1038] Lindsley _v._ Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61, 81 (1911)._Cf._ United States _v._ Petrillo, 332 U.S.
- 210 [989] For rules of self-limitation formulated by the Court not only to minimize its opportunities for such interference but also to curtail the volume of litigation reaching it for final disposition, _see_ p. 1109.[990] 297 U.S. 278 (1936).[991] 237 U.S.
- 209 [949] Ibid. 105, 106, 107, 108, 118.--In a dissent, in which Justices Brandeis, Butler, and Sutherland concurred, Justice Roberts insisted that "it * * * [was] not a matter of a.s.sumption but a certainty * * *[that] * * * the * * * privilege of the accu
- 208 [902] Adamson _v._ California, 332 U.S. 46, 69, 74-75, 89 (1947).--Dissenting separately, Justice Murphy, together with Justice Rutledge, announced their agreement with Justice Black, subject to one reservation. While agreeing "that the specific guarante
- 207 [857] Ibid. 64.[858] 335 U.S. 437, 440-441 (1948).[859] Rice _v._ Olson, 324 U.S. 786, 788-789 (1945).[860] Wade _v._ Mayo, 334 U.S. 672, 683-684 (1948); De Meerleer _v._ Michigan, 329 U.S. 663, 664-665 (1947); Betts _v._ Brady, 316 U.S. 455, 472 (1942);
- 206 [810] Lanzetta _v._ New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451, 455 (1939).[811] Minnesota _v._ Probate Court, 309 U.S. 270 (1940).[812] Hurtado _v._ California, 110 U.S. 516, 520, 538 (1884); Brown _v._ New Jersey, 175 U.S. 172, 175 (1890); Maxwell _v._ Dow, 176 U.S. 581,
- 205 [761] Ownbey _v._ Morgan, 256 U.S. 94, 112 (1921). Thus, the Fourteenth Amendment does not constrain the States to accept modern doctrines of equity, or adopt a combined system of law and equity procedure, or dispense with all necessity for form and metho
- 204 [719] This departure was recognized by Justice Rutledge in a subsequent opinion in Nippert _v._ Richmond, 327 U.S. 416, 422 (1946).The principle that solicitation of business alone is inadequate to confer jurisdiction for purposes of subjecting a foreign
- 203 [674] Long Island Water Supply Co. _v._ Brooklyn, 166 U.S. 685, 695 (1897).[675] Hays _v._ Seattle, 251 U.S. 233, 238 (1920); Bailey _v._ Anderson, 326 U.S. 203, 205 (1945).[676] The requirements of due process in tax and eminent domain proceedings are di
- 202 [627] Exercisable as to every description of property, tangibles and intangibles including choses in action, contracts, and charters, but only for a public purpose, the power of eminent domain may also be conferred by the State upon munic.i.p.al corporati
- 201 [579] Metropolitan L. Ins. Co. _v._ New Orleans, 205 U.S. 395 (1907).[580] Board of a.s.sessors _v._ New York L. Ins. Co., 216 U.S. 517 (1910).[581] Liverpool & L. & G. Ins. Co. _v._ Board of a.s.sessors, 221 U.S. 346 (1911).[582] Orient Ins. Co. _v._ Boa
- 200 [531] Ibid. 386.[532] 315 U.S. 657, 660, 661 (1942).[533] 4 Wheat. 316, 429 (1819).[534] 319 U.S. 94 (1943).[535] 306 U.S. 398 (1939).[536] Wheeling Steel Corp. _v._ Fox, 298 U.S. 193 (1936). _See also_ Memphis Gas Co. _v._ Beeler, 315 U.S. 649, 652 (1942
- 199 [483] Houck _v._ Little River Drainage Dist, 239 U.S. 254 (1915).[484] Road Improv. Dist. _v._ Missouri P.R. Co., 274 U.S. 188 (1927).[485] Kansas City Southern R. Co. _v._ Road Improv. Dist., 266 U.S. 379 (1924).[486] Louisville & N.R. Co. _v._ Barber As
- 198 [433] Demorest _v._ City Bank Co., 321 U.S. 36, 47-48 (1944).[434] Connecticut Ins. Co. _v._ Moore, 333 U.S. 541 (1948). Justice Jackson and Douglas dissented on the ground that New York is attempting to escheat unclaimed funds not located either actually
- 197 [385] Welch _v._ Swasey, 214 U.S. 91 (1909).[386] Euclid _v._ Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926); Zahn _v._ Board of Public Works, 274 U.S. 325 (1927); Nectaw _v._ Cambridge, 277 U.S. 183 (1928); Cusack (Thomas) Co. _v._ Chicago, 242 U.S. 526 (1917);
- 196 [337] Northwestern Nat. L. Ins. Co. _v._ Riggs, 203 U.S. 243 (1906).[338] Whitfield ex rel. Hadley _v._ Aetna L. Ins. Co., 205 U.S. 489 (1907).[339] Polk _v._ Mutual Reserve Fund Life a.s.sociation, 207 U.S. 310 (1907).[340] Neblett _v._ Carpenter, 305 U.
- 195 [289] Asbury Hospital _v._ Ca.s.s County, 326 U.S. 207 (1945).[290] Nebbia _v._ New York, 291 U.S. 502, 527-528 (1934).[291] Smiley _v._ Kansas, 196 U.S. 447 (1905). _See_ Waters-Pierce Oil Co. _v._ Texas, 212 U.S. 86 (1909); National Cotton Oil Co. _v._
- 194 [243] Missouri P.R. Co. _v._ Kansas ex rel. Taylor, 216 U.S. 262 (1910); Chesapeake & O.R. Co. _v._ Public Service Commission, 242 U.S. 603 (1917); Ft. Smith Light & Traction Co. _v._ Bourland, 267 U.S. 330 (1925).[244] Chesapeake & O.R. Co. _v._ Public S
- 193 [211] 253 U.S. 287, 293-294 (1920).[212] Ibid. 289. In injunctive proceedings, evidence is freshly introduced whereas in the cases received on appeal from State courts, the evidence is found within the record.[213] 231 U.S. 298 (1913).[214] 253 U.S. 287,
- 192 [166] Ibid. 94. Justice Frankfurter, concurring, declared that "the insistence by individuals on their private prejudices * * *, in relations like those now before us, ought not to have a higher const.i.tutional sanction than the determination of a State
- 191 [122] Hamilton _v._ University of California, 293 U.S. 245, 262 (1934)._See also_ p. 768.[123] 16 Wall. 36 (1873).[124] 165 U.S. 578, 589.--Herein liberty of contract was defined as follows: "The liberty mentioned in that [Fourteenth] Amendment means not
- 190 [74] 143 U.S. 517, 551.[75] _See_ Fletcher _v._ Peck, 6 Cr. 87, 128 (1810).[76] 94 U.S. 113, 123, 132 (1877).[77] Ibid. 132.[78] 123 U.S. 623 (1887).[79] Ibid. 662.--"We cannot shut out of view the fact, within the knowledge of all, that the public healt
- 189 [26] 314 U.S. 160, 177-183 (1941).[27] Justices Douglas, Black, Murphy and Jackson.[28] 6 Wall. 35 (1868).[29] 279 U.S. 245, 251 (1929).[30] 296 U.S. 404.[31] _See_ Madden _v._ Kentucky, 309 U.S. 83, 93.[32] 296 U.S. 404, 444, 445-446.[33] 332 U.S. 633, 6
- 188 Reduction of State's Representation "Questions relating to the apportionment of representatives among the several States are political in their nature and reside exclusively within the determination of Congress * * *" Consequently, a United States Dist
- 187 Labor Relations Objections to labor legislation on the ground that the limitation of particular regulations to specified industries was obnoxious to the equal protection clause, have been consistently overruled. Statutes limiting hours of labor for employ
- 186 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS What Const.i.tutes State Action The inhibition against denial of equal protection of the laws has exclusive reference to State action. It means that no agency of the State, legislative, executive or judicial,[1005] no instrumentality
- 185 Conviction Based on Perjured Testimony When a conviction is obtained by the presentation of testimony known to the prosecuting authorities to have been perjured, the const.i.tutional requirement of due process is not satisfied. That requirement "cannot b
- 184 The Right to Counsel Whatever previously may have been recognized as const.i.tuting the elements of procedural due process in criminal cases, it was not until 1932[816] that the Supreme Court acknowledged that the right "to have the a.s.sistance of couns
- 183 Foreclosure of a mortgage made upon process duly issued but which the sheriff falsely returned as having been duly served, and of which the owner had no notice, does not deprive said owner of property without due process of law. A purchaser of the land at
- 182 Just Compensation "When * * * [the] power [of eminent domain] is exercised it can only be done by giving the party whose property is taken or whose use and enjoyment of such property is interfered with, full and adequate compensation, not excessive or ex
- 181 Individual Incomes.--Consistently with due process of law, a State annually may tax the entire net income of resident individuals from whatever source received,[562] and that portion of a nonresident's net income derived from property owned, and from any
- 180 Severance Taxes.--A State excise on the production of oil which extends to the royalty interest of the lessor in the oil produced under an oil lease as well as to the interest of the lessee engaged in the active work of production, the tax being apportion
- 179 According to settled principles, the police power of a State must be held to embrace the authority not only to enact directly quarantine[396]and health laws of every description but also to vest in munic.i.p.al subdivisions a capacity to safeguard by appr
- 178 Trading Stamps.--A prohibitive license fee upon the use of trading stamps is not unconst.i.tutional.[314]Banking The Fourteenth Amendment does not deny to States the power to forbid a business simply because it was permitted at common law; and therefore,
- 177 In the course of time, however, a distinction emerged between ordinary factual determinations by State commissions and factual determinations which were found to be inseparable from the legal and const.i.tutional issue of confiscation. In two older cases
- 176 "Liberty" in General Definition.--"While * * * [the] Court has not attempted to define with exactness the liberty thus guaranteed, the term has received much consideration and some of the included things have been definitely stated. Without doubt, it d
- 175 (8) Law taxing in the hands of a resident citizen a debt owing from a resident of another State and secured by mortgage of land in the debtors' State.[42](9) Statutes regulating the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors.[43](10) Statute regulating
- 174 [19] United States _v._ Petrillo, 332 U.S. 1, 12-13 (1947). Injunctions and "cease and desist" orders in labor disputes have also been repeatedly sustained against charges by labor that the prohibitions of this amendment had been violated. _See_ Auto Wo
- 173 [7] Ibid. 232-233.AMENDMENT 13 SLAVERY AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE Page Origin and purpose of the amendment 949 Peonage 950 Discriminations and legal compulsions less than servitude 951 Enforcement 953 SLAVERY AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE Amendment 13 Section
- 172 [30] Poindexter _v._ Greenhow, 114 U.S. 270 (1885); Allen _v._ Baltimore & O.R. Co., 114 U.S. 311 (1885); Pennoyer _v._ McConnaughy, 140 U.S. 1 (1891); In re Tyler, 149 U.S. 164 (1893). As stated by Justice Harlan in Fitts _v._ McGhee, 172 U.S. 516, 529-5
- 171 Early Limitation on Injunction Proceedings In spite of a dictum by Justice Bradley in the McComb Case that the writs of mandamus and injunction are somewhat correlative to each other in suits against State officials for illegal actions,[28] injunctions ag
- 170 [23] Ibid. 529.[24] Steward Machine Co. _v._ Davis, 301 U.S. 548 (1937); Helvering _v._ Davis, 301 U.S. 619 (1937).[25] National Labor Relations Board _v._ Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1 (1937).[26] 312 U.S. 100 (1941). _See also_ United States
- 169 AMENDMENT 10 RESERVED STATE POWERS Page Scope and purpose 915 The taxing power 916 The commerce power 917 Police power 918 State activities and instrumentalities 919 RESERVED STATE POWERS Amendment 10 The powers not delegated to the United States by the C
- 168 AMENDMENT 8 BAIL, FINES, AND OTHER PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME Page Excessive bail 903 Excessive fines 904 Cruel and unusual punishments 904 PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME Amendment 8 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
- 167 [13] Minneapolis & St. L.R. Co. _v._ Bombolis, 241 U.S. 211 (1916), which involved The Federal Employers Liability Act of 1908. The ruling is followed in four other cases in the same volume. _See_ ibid. 241, 261, 485 and 494.[14] s.h.i.+elds _v._ Thomas,
- 166 TO WHAT COURTS AND CASES APPLICABLE Amendment VII governs only courts which sit under the authority of the United States,[10] including courts in the territories[11] and the District of Columbia.[12] It does not apply to a State court even when it is enfo
- 165 [51] 325 U.S. 91, 94, 95.[52] Ibid. 101.[53] Ibid. 103.[54] Ibid. 113, 135.[55] Ibid. 154.[56] 341 U.S. 97 (1951).[57] _See also_ Koehler et al. _v._ United States, 342 U.S. 852 (1951).[58] United States _v._ Petrillo, 332 U.S. 1 (1947).[59] United States
- 164 [1] Callan _v._ Wilson, 127 U.S. 540 (1888).[2] Reynolds _v._ United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1879). _See also_ Lovato _v._ New Mexico, 242 U.S. 199 (1916).[3] Balzac _v._ Porto Rico, 258 U.S. 298, 304-305 (1922).[4] Ra.s.smussen _v._ United States, 197 U.S.
- 163 [325] Henkels _v._ Sutherland, 271 U.S. 298 (1926). _See also_ Phelps _v._ United States, 274 U.S. 341 (1927).[326] Monongahela Nav. Co. _v._ United States, 148 U.S. 312, 327 (1893).[327] United States _v._ Jones, 109 U.S. 513, 519 (1883).[328] Bauman _v.
- 162 [276] Hannibal Bridge Co. _v._ United States, 221 U.S. 194, 205 (1911).[277] Old Dominion Land Co. _v._ United States, 269 U.S. 55 (1925).[278] United States _v._ Sponenbarger, 308 U.S. 256 (1939).[279] 12 Wall. 457, 551 (1871).[280] 331 U.S. 745 (1947).[
- 161 [229] McCray _v._ United States, 195 U.S. 27, 61 (1904).[230] Treat _v._ White, 181 U.S. 264 (1901).[231] Flint _v._ Stone Tracy Co., 220 U.S. 107 (1911).[232] National Paper & Type Co. _v._ Bowers, 266 U.S. 373 (1924).[233] Billings _v._ United States, 2
- 160 [181] Capital Trust Co. _v._ Calhoun, 250 U.S. 208 (1919).[182] Frisbie _v._ United States, 157 U.S. 160 (1895); _see also_ Margolin _v._ United States, 269 U.S. 93 (1925); Hines _v._ Lowrey, 305 U.S. 85 (1938).[183] Wickard _v._ Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (19
- 159 [132] 339 U.S. 703 (1950). Justices Black, Douglas and Burton dissented.[133] United States _v._ Ju Toy, 198 U.S. 253, 263 (1905). _See also_ Yamataya _v._ Fisher, 189 U.S. 86, 100 (1903). _Cf._ United States ex rel. Knauff _v._ Shaughnessy, 338 U.S. 537
- 158 [85] United States _v._ Ju Toy, 198 U.S. 253, 263 (1905); _cf._ Quon Quon Poy _v._ Johnson, 273 U.S. 352 (1927).[86] Wight _v._ Davidson, 181 U.S. 371, 384 (1901).[87] Lovato _v._ New Mexico, 242 U.S. 199, 201 (1916).[88] Public Utility Comrs. _v._ Ynchau
- 157 [37] Pinkerton _v._ United States, 328 U.S. 640 (1946); United States _v._ Bayer, 331 U.S. 532 (1947).[38] Pinkerton _v._ United States, 328 U.S. 640 (1946).[39] American Tobacco Co. _v._ United States, 328 U.S. 781 (1946).[40] 339 U.S. 485 (1950).[41] Co
- 156 Where the Government erects dams and other obstructions across a river, causing an overflow of water which renders the property affected unfit for agricultural use and deprives it of all value, there is taking of property for which the Government is under
- 155 The validation by statute of a prior mortgage of personal property invalid because improperly recorded, did not deny due process of law to a judgment creditor seeking to levy an attachment on the mortgaged property.[176] Nor was property taken without due
- 154 Due Process of Law SOURCE AND EVOLUTION OF THE MEANING OF THE TERM The phrase "due process of law" comes from chapter 3 of 28 Edw. III (1355), which reads: "No man of what state or condition he be, shall be put out of his lands or tenements nor taken,
- 153 [61] Carroll _v._ United States, 267 U.S. 132, 153-156 (1925). Husty _v._ United States, 282 U.S. 694 (1931); Brinegar _v._ United States, 338 U.S. 160 (1949).[62] Scher _v._ United States, 305 U.S. 251 (1938).[63] United States _v._ Di Re, 332 U.S. 581 (
- 152 [11] Stroud _v._ United States, 251 U.S. 15, 21 (1919).[12] Amos _v._ United States, 255 U.S. 313 (1921); Johnson _v._ United States, 333 U.S. 10 (1948).[13] Davis _v._ United States, 328 U.S. 582 (1946).[14] Olmstead _v._ United States, 277 U.S. 438 (192
- 151 Notes [1] Miller, Samuel F., The Const.i.tution (1893), page 646.AMENDMENT 4 SEARCHES AND SEIZURES Page Coverage of the amendment 823 Necessity, sufficiency and effect of warrants 825 Records, reports and subpoenas 825 Search and seizure incidental to arr
- 150 [240] 327 U.S. 146 (1946).[241] Ibid. 158. Justice Frankfurter, while concurring, apparently thought that the question of Congress's power in the premises was not involved. Ibid. 159-160. On this broader question, _see_ p. 269. (The Postal Clause).[242]
- 149 [194] 221 U.S. 418 (1911).[195] Ibid. 430.[196] 314 U.S. 469 (1941).[197] Ibid: 477.[198] Ibid. 478.[199] United States _v._ C.I.O., 335 U.S. 106 (1948).[200] 106 U.S. 371 (1882).[201] 19 Stat. 143 -- 6 (1876).[202] 53 Stat. 1147 (1939).[203] United Publi
- 148 [145] Ibid. 47.[146] 307 U.S. 496, 515, 516 (1939).[147] 334 U.S. 558 (1948).[148] Kovacs _v._ Cooper, 336 U.S. 77 (1949).[149] Public Utilities Commission _v._ Pollak, 343 U.S. 451 (1952). The decision overruled the United States Court of Appeals for the
- 147 [104] Ibid. 105.[105] Cantwell _v._ Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 308 (1940).[106] Stromberg _v._ California, 283 U.S. 359, 369 (1931).[107] Fox _v._ Was.h.i.+ngton, 236 U.S. 273, 277 (1915).[108] Gitlow _v._ New York, 268 U.S. 652 (1925).[109] Terminiello _
- 146 [58] Kunz _v._ New York, 340 U.S. 290 (1951).[59] Ibid. 314.[60] Niemotko _v._ Maryland, 340 U.S. 268 (1951).[61] Feiner _v._ New York, 340 U.S. 315 (1951).[62] _See_ p. 1285. [Transcriber's Note: There is no mention of the Feiner case on p. 1285.][63] A
- 145 [9] Ibid.[10] Ibid.[11] Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Const.i.tution, -- 1879 (1833).[12] Ibid. -- 1874.[13] Principles of Const.i.tutional Law, 224-225, 3d ed. (1898).[14] Saul K. Padover, The Complete Jefferson, 518-519 (1943).[15] 98 U.S. 145 (1879
- 144 Justice Frankfurter's lengthy concurring opinion premises "the right of a government to maintain its existence--self preservation." This, he says, is "the most pervasive aspect of sovereignty," citing The Federalist No. 41, and certain cases.[218] A
- 143 In such cases, the evils feared by the legislature usually arise, not out of the substance of the communications, but from the manner in which they are made. Applying the test of clear and present danger in Thornhill _v._ Alabama[118] and Carlson v. Calif
- 142 PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS The Society of Sisters, an Oregon corporation, was empowered by its charter to care for orphans and to establish and maintain schools and academies for the education of the youth. Systematic instruction and moral training according to th
- 141 [4] McLaughlin, A Const.i.tutional History of the United States, 203 (1936).[5] Ames, The Proposed Amendments to the Const.i.tution, 19 (1896).[6] Annals of Congress, I, 424, 433.[7] Monongahela Navigation Co. _v._ United States, 148 U.S. 312, 324 (1893).
- 140 [125] Jane Perry Clark, The Rise of a New Federalism, 91 (Columbia University Press, 1938).[126] _See_ James Hart in 13 Virginia Law Review, 86-107 (1926) discussing President Coolidge's order of May 8, 1926, for Prohibition enforcement.[127] Clark, New
- 139 [76] Baltimore s.h.i.+pbuilding & Dry Dock Co. _v._ Baltimore, 195 U.S. 375 (1904).[77] Northern P.R. Co. _v._ Myers, 172 U.S. 589 (1899); New Brunswick _v._ United States, 276 U.S. 547 (1928).[78] Irwin _v._ Wright, 258 U.S. 219 (1922).[79] United States
- 138 [27] Martin _v._ Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheat. 304, 335 (1816).[28] 93 U.S. 130 (1876).[29] Martin _v._ Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheat. 304, 335 (1816).[30] 93 U.S. 130, 137 (1876).[31] Mondou _v._ New York, N.H. & H.R. Co., 223 U.S. 1, 57 (1912).[32] 330 U.S. 38
- 137 ROYALTIES; A JUDICIAL ANTICLIMAX In 1928 the Court went so far as to hold that a State could not tax as income royalties for the use of a patent issued by the United States.[97] This proposition was soon overruled in Fox Film Corp. _v._ Doyal,[98] where a
- 136 SUPREMACY CLAUSE VERSUS TENTH AMENDMENT The logic of the supremacy clause would seem to require that the powers of Congress be determined by the fair reading of the express and implied grants contained in the Const.i.tution itself, without reference to th
- 135 Ratification Congress may, in proposing an amendment, set a reasonable time limit for its ratification. Two amendments proposed in 1789, one submitted in 1810 and one in 1861, were never ratified. In Dillon _v._ Gloss[12] the Court intimated that proposal
- 134 [263] United States _v._ McGowan, 302 U.S. 535 (1938).[264] United States _v._ San Francisco, 310 U.S. 16 (1940).[265] Van Brocklin _v._ Tennessee, 117 U.S. 151 (1886); _cf._ Wilson _v._ Cook, 327 U.S. 474 (1946).[266] Gibson _v._ Chouteau, 13 Wall 92, 99
- 133 [215] United States _v._ Rauscher, 119 U.S. 407, 430 (1886).[216] Prigg _v._ Pennsylvania, 16 Pet. 539, 612 (1842).[217] 1 Stat. 302 (1793).[218] Jones _v._ Van Zandt, 5 How. 215, 229 (1847); Ableman _v._ Booth, 21 How. 506 (1859).[219] Prigg _v._ Pennsyl
- 132 [166] Ibid. 403. In Mullaney _v._ Anderson, 342 U.S. 415 (1952) an Alaska statute providing for the licensing of commercial fishermen in territorial waters and levying a license fee of $50.00 on nonresident and only $5.00 on resident fishermen was held vo
- 131 [119] Bradford Electric Co. _v._ Clapper, 286 U.S. 145, 158 (1932).[120] The Court had earlier remarked that "workmen's compensation legislation rests upon the idea of status, not upon that of implied contract." Cudahy Packing Co. _v._ Parramore, 263 U
- 130 [73] Griffin _v._ Griffin, 327 U.S. 220 (1946).[74] Ibid. 228. An alimony case of a quite extraordinary pattern was that of Sutton _v._ Leib. On account of the diverse citizens.h.i.+p of the parties, who had once been husband and wife, the case was brough
- 129 [35] Milliken _v._ Meyer, 311 U.S. 457, 463 (1940).[36] Adam _v._ Saenger, 303 U.S. 59, 62 (1938).[37] Hanc.o.c.k National Bank _v._ Farnum, 176 U.S. 640 (1900).[38] Stacy _v._ Thrasher, use of Sellers, 6 How. 44, 58 (1848).[39] Bigelow _v._ Old Dominion
- 128 POWER OF CONGRESS OVER THE TERRITORIES In the territories, Congress has the entire dominion and sovereignty, national and local, and has full legislative power over all subjects upon which a State legislature might act.[270] It may legislate directly with
- 127 A State may not, in the exercise of its taxing power, substantially discriminate between residents and nonresidents. A leading case is Ward _v._ Maryland,[182] in which the Court set aside a State law which imposed special taxes upon nonresidents for the
- 126 the New York insurance commissioner, as a statutory liquidator of an insolvent auto mutual company organized in New York sued resident Georgia policyholders in a Georgia court to recover a.s.sessments alleged to be due by virtue of their members.h.i.+p in
- 125 Appearing to revive Williams II, and significant for the social consequences produced by the result decreed therein, is the recent case of Rice _v._ Rice.[69] To determine the widowhood status of the party litigants in relation to inheritance of property
- 124 EFFECT TO BE GIVEN IN FORUM STATE The English courts and the different State courts in the United States, while recognizing "foreign judgments _in personam_" which were reducible to money terms as affording a basis for actions in debt, originally accord