Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Novel Chapters
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Latest Release: Chapter 1 : Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts and Collateral Information in the Arts.b
Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts and Collateral Information in the Arts.by Arnold Cooley and Richard Tuson.Volume I PREFACE The design of the present work is briefly, but not completely expressed in its t.i.tle-page. Independently of a reli
- 401 =Opium, Newmann's.= Infusion of opium, strained, mixed with a little sugar, and fermented for some months in a warm place; and, lastly, strained and evaporated to an extract, or preserved in the liquid form.=Opium, Powell's.= Opium, exhausted by
- 402 This stamping apparatus consists of five or six large wooden beams, each weighing 1/8th of a ton. Each beam is covered at the bottom with iron, and is made to rise and fall in succession by means of projections from a horizontal axle, made to revolve eith
- 403 [Ill.u.s.tration][Ill.u.s.tration][Ill.u.s.tration][Ill.u.s.tration]The 'combustion tube' with its 'charge' is next placed in a 'furnace' or 'chauffer' of thin sheet iron (see middle figure _above_). Its open end is
- 404 There are four chlorides of osmium, the best known of which are the dichloride and the tetrachloride.1. =Osmium dichloride.= (OsCl_{2}). _Syn._ OSMIOUS DICHLORIDE, OSMIUM PROTOCHLORIDE. This is green, and sublimes in green needles. It may be obtained by h
- 405 _b._ From binoxide of manganese, as the last. 1 oz. of the pure binoxide yields 44 gr., or 128 cubic inches, of oxygen (Liebig); 1 lb. of good commercial binoxide yields from 1500 to 1600 cubic inches, or from 5 to 6 galls._c._ M. Boussingault has reinves
- 406 =OYS'TER.= _Syn._ OSTREA, L. This well-known sh.e.l.l-fish is the _Ostrea edulis_ (Linn.) "The oyster is a genus of lamellibranchiate molluscs of the section with a single adductor muscle. The sh.e.l.l consists of two unequal and somewhat irregu
- 407 From the ease with which it gives up its third atom of oxygen, ozone has been proposed when mixed with air, as a means of decolorising wax, stearin, and other organic substances which cannot be subjected to the fumes of sulphurous acid or chlorine, or at
- 408 process, consists in enclosing the picture in a flat box, where it is exposed to the vapours of alcohol, part of which being absorbed by the resinous molecules, restore them to their original volume. Hence it follows that the gaps between the molecules be
- 409 This peculiar cracking in the paint is, according to Dr Liebreich, particularly observable in Guericault's 'Wreck of the Medusa' in the Louvre, and also in Ingres' 'Portrait of Cherubini,' and as the same defect is not to be
- 410 3. SACCHARATED PANCREATIN. Mr Mattison[90] adopts the following process for the preparation of this substance:--The pancreas is dissected and macerated in water acidulated with hydrochloric acid for about forty-eight hours, then separated, and the acidula
- 411 =Paper, Razor-strop.= From emery and quartz (both in impalpable powder), and paper pulp (estimated in the dry state), equal parts, made into sheets of the thickness of drawing paper, by the ordinary process. For use, a piece is pasted on the strop and moi
- 412 The refuse of the cotton and flax mills, and numerous other substances of a like character, are now worked up as papier-mache, and the manufactured articles formed of them are indistinguishable from those prepared directly from paper.=PAPIN'S DIGESTE
- 413 Trichina spiralis, _muscles_.Tricocephalus dispar, _intestines_.II. _Ectozoa._ Demodex seu Acarus folliculorum, _sebaceous substance of cutaneous follicles_.Pediculus capitas (head louse). " corporis seu vestimenti (body louse)." palpebrarum (br
- 414 =Paste, De Handel's.= _Prep._ From opium, 1/2 dr.; camphor, 1 dr. (both in powder); extracts of belladonna and henbane, of each 1 dr.; oil of cajeput and tincture of cantharides, of each 10 or 12 drops; distilled water of opium (or of lettuce), q. s. In
- 415 =Paste, Sha"ving.= _Prep._ 1. Naples soap (genuine), 4 oz.; powdered Castile soap, 2 oz.; honey, 1 oz.; essence of ambergris and oils of ca.s.sia and nutmegs, of each 5 or 6 drops.2. White wax, spermaceti, and almond oil, of each 1/4 oz.; melt, and, whil
- 416 4. (Lancon.) Paste, 9612 gr.; acetate of copper, 72 gr.; peroxide of iron, 1-1/2 gr.=Garnet.= 1. Paste or stra.s.s, 1200 gr.; gla.s.s of antimony, 580 gr.; purple of ca.s.sius and binoxide of manganese, of each 3 gr.2. (Douault-Wieland.) Paste, 513 gr.; g
- 417 1. (Rich.) Take of flour, 1 lb.; b.u.t.ter, 1/4 lb.; cold spring water, q. s.; make a moderately soft flexible dough, then roll in (as described above) of dry fresh b.u.t.ter, 1/2 lb.2. (Ordinary.) Take of flour, 1 lb.; cold water, q. s.; make a dough, an
- 418 =G.o.dfrey's Cordial.= 1. (Original formula.) Opium (sliced), 1/4 oz.; sa.s.safras chips 1 oz.; English brandy, 1 quart; macerate for 4 or 5 days, then add, of water, 1 quart, treacle, 3-1/2 lbs., and simmer the whole gently for a few minutes; the next d
- 419 =Poor Man's Friend.= (Dr Roberts'.) This consists chiefly of ointment of nitric-oxide of mercury.=Pringle's Remedy for Typhus.= (Dr Paris.) Pale cinchona (bruised), 1/2 oz.; water, 12 fl. oz.; boil them together for 10 minutes, adding, towards the end,
- 420 Mother of pearl is cut and wrought with nearly similar tools to those used for ivory, but its treatment, owing to its more fragile nature and delicate structure, requires considerably greater care. It is polished with colcothar or putty powder.The numerou
- 421 MEAT. For exposing for sale or having in possession unsound meat and other articles of food specified in the Act, 20, or less, for each carcase or piece of meat, or fish, &c., or three months imprisonment with or without the option of a fine (s. 117). For
- 422 4. As the first formula, with the addition of a strong decoction of saffron, q. s. It gives a beautiful colour to soups, &c._Obs._ The above formulae are those actually employed by the houses most celebrated for their 'soluble cayenne.' The products are
- 423 _g._ Stop-c.o.c.k to regulate or arrest the pressure of air on the contents of the cylinder (_a_).]The method of displacement, although apparently simple, requires for its successful application no inconsiderable amount of experience and skill in manipula
- 424 _Obs._ According to the report of the French commission, pewter containing more than 18 parts of lead to 82 parts of tin is unsafe for measures for wine, and similar liquors and, indeed, for any other utensils exposed to contact with our food or beverages
- 425 =PHILOS'OPHER'S STONE.= _Syn._ LAPIS PHILOSOPHORUM, L. A wonderful substance, the discovery of which formed the day dreams of the alchemists.It was supposed to be capable of converting all the baser metals into gold, and of curing all diseases. Some of
- 426 _Uses._ The princ.i.p.al consumption of phosphorus is in the manufacture of lucifer matches. When swallowed, it acts as a powerful corrosive poison; but small doses of its ethereal and oily solutions are occasionally administered in cases of chronic debil
- 427 _Tests._ The following reactions characterise the ordinary or other phosphates:--1. Chloride of barium produces in aqueous solutions of the neutral and basic phosphates a white precipitate, which is insoluble in either hydrochloric or nitric acid, and wit
- 428 _Sensitising Solution_ (_for Paper_). Nitrate of silver, 5 dr.; distilled water, 5 oz.; nitric acid, 2 drops; kaolin, 1 oz. Dissolve the nitrate of silver in the water, and then add the acid and kaolin; the kaolin will not dissolve, its use being to preve
- 429 This pellicle consists of shreds of dry gelatin containing the sensitive salts.Fresh directions accompany each packet of the "Sensitised Pellicle."_The Honey Process._ Let the plate be cleaned, coated, and sensitised in the usual manner; then place it i
- 430 4. If chloride, reduce to oxide by boiling with strong potash, then reduce by glucose; or boil the chloride with glucose and sodium carbonate.5. Add silver chloride dissolved in ammonia to a boiling solution of one part glucose and three parts sodium carb
- 431 After these statements we shall be prepared to find that indoor trades and occupations swell the bills of mortality from phthisis much more than those carried on in the open air. That this is the case is shown by the following table:-- _Deaths from Phthis
- 432 [Footnote 104: Riley.]The parts of the vine attacked by the Phylloxera are the rootlets, which in a diseased plant, may be seen more or less covered with what appears to the naked eye, a yellowish powder, but upon a microscopic examination reveals itself
- 433 =Capsic.u.ms.= As GHERKINS.=Cauliflowers.= As CABBAGE (nearly). Or, they may be steeped in hot brine for 1 or 2 hours before pouring the vinegar over them.=Cherries.= From the scarcely ripe fruit, bottled, and covered with strong and colourless pickling v
- 434 See PASTRY, &c.=PIG.= The pig or hog (_Sus scrofa_--Linn.), one of the common pachydermata, is now domesticated in all the temperate climates of the world. Its flesh const.i.tutes pork, bacon, ham, &c.; its fat (lard) is officinal in the Pharmacopias. The
- 435 The weight (size) of pills varies from 1/2 gr. to 6 gr. If heavier than this, they are called 'boluses.' Formerly, as a general rule, they were made of 5 gr. each; but pills of this weight are, in general, so large that some persons find a difficulty in
- 436 _Obs._ This compound is a most excellent stomachic purgative and emmenagogue, when there are no febrile symptoms present. It is said to have been employed ever since the time of Rhazes, and is still in extensive use.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.=Pills of Aloes a
- 437 =Pills of a.r.s.e"niate of Iron.= _Syn._ PILULae FERRI a.r.s.eNIATIS, L. _Prep._ (Biett.) a.r.s.eniate of iron, 3 gr.; extract of hops, 2 dr.; powdered mallow-root, 1/2 dr.; syrup, q. s. For 48 pills.--_Dose_, 1 to 2, daily; in cancerous, scrofulous, and
- 438 =Pills of Calomel.= _Syn._ PILULae CALOMELANOS, P. E. CALOMELANE, P.HYDRARGYRI SUBCHLORIDI, P. H. CLORIDI, P. H. C. MITIS (Ph. U. S.), L._Prep._ 1. Calomel, 4 dr.; powdered gum Arabic, 1 dr.; simple syrup, q. s.; mix and divide into 240 pills. Each pill c
- 439 2. (Dr Copland.) Chloride of lime, 15 gr.; compound powder of tragacanth, 90 gr.; syrup, q. s. For 24 pills.--_Dose_, 1 to 3, twice or thrice daily; in various putrid affections, fevers, &c.=Pills of Chloride of Mercury.= Pills of calomel.=Pills, Chol'er
- 440 2. Guaiac.u.m, 19 gr.; emetic tartar and opium, of each 1 gr.; simple syrup, q. s. to mix; divide into 3 pills.--_Dose_, 1 to 2, in acute rheumatism, &c.3. Camphor and antimonial powder, of each 1/2 dr.; opium, 10 gr.; aromatic confection, q. s. to mix. F
- 441 3. (Ph. D. 1826.) As the Ph. L., except that treacle is subst.i.tuted for syrup._Obs._ These pills are stimulant, expectorant, antispasmodic, and emmenagogue.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr.; in hysteria, chronic coughs, chlorosis, amenorrha, &c.=Pills of Galbanum
- 442 2. (COINDET'S PILLS.) From green iodide of mercury, 1 gr.; extract of liquorice, 20 gr.; mix, and divide into 8 pills.--_Dose_, 2 to 4, as the last. Pills of red iodide of mercury are made in the same way, but, owing to its greater activity, only one fou
- 443 =Pills, Meglin's.= _Syn._ PILULES DE MEGLIN, Fr. See PILLS OF HENBANE (Compound).=Pills, Mercu"rial.= _Syn._ BLUE PILL; PILULA HYDRARGYRI (B. P.), PILULae HYDRARGYRI (Ph. L.), PILULae H. (Ph. E. & D.), P. MERCURIALES, L.; PILULES MERCURIELLES, Fr. _Prep
- 444 =Pills of Oxide of Sil'ver.= _Syn._ PILULae ARGENTI OXYDI, L. _Prep._ From oxide of silver, 6 gr.; powdered rhubarb and extract of gentian, of each 12 gr. For 1 dozen pills.--_Dose_, 1 pill, twice or thrice daily; in gastralgia, haemorrhages, nervous aff
- 445 =Pills of Rhubarb and Ox-gall.= _Syn._ PILULae RHEI ET FELLIS BOVINI, L._Prep._ From powdered rhubarb, gum ammoniac.u.m, and insp.i.s.sated ox-gall, equal parts; beaten up with a little tincture of ginger or proof spirit, and the ma.s.s divided into 2-1/2
- 446 =Pills, Stomach.= _Syn._ PILULae STOMACHICae, L. _Prep._ 1. Ipecacuanha, 10 gr.; sumbul and extract of rhubarb, of each 30 gr.; powdered qua.s.sia, 20 gr.; oil of sa.s.safras, 6 drops; beaten up with essence of ginger (strongest), q. s. For 3-gr. pills.--
- 447 =Pills, Worm.= _Syn._ PILULae ANTHELMINTICae, P. VERMIFUGae, L. _Prep._ 1.Calomel, 1 oz.; sugar, 1-1/2 oz.; mucilage, q. s.; mix, and divide into 240 pills.--_Dose_, 1 to 2, overnight, followed by a strong dose of castor oil early the next morning.2. Gamb
- 448 Such is the definition of plague given in the 'Nomenclature of Diseases'(published in 1869), drawn up by a joint committee appointed by the College of Physicians.More detailed accounts of the disease, described by other pathologists, state that it attac
- 449 =Plaster of Paris.= Calcined sulphate of lime. See ALABASTER, GYPSUM, LIME, &c.=PLASTER.= (In pharmacy.) _Syn._ EMPLASTRUM, L. Plasters (emplastra) are external applications that possess sufficient consistence not to adhere to the fingers when cold, but w
- 450 The BURGUNDY-PITCH PLASTER of the shops is commonly made as follows:--Fact.i.tious Burgundy pitch (bright coloured), 42 lbs.; palm oil (bright), 3/4 lb.; beeswax (bright), 5 lbs.; melt, and, when nearly cold, add, of oil of mace, 6 oz.; oil of nutmeg, 1 o
- 451 _Obs._ Galbanum plaster is stimulant and resolvent, and is much used in indolent, scrofulous, and other tumours, painful gouty and rheumatic joints, in rickets, &c.=Plaster, Gaulthier's.= _Prep._ (Guibourt.) Palm plaster, 12 parts; olive oil and white wa
- 452 =Plaster, Morrison's Adhesive.= _Syn._ MORRISON'S ADHESIVE PASTE. From wheaten flour, 2 oz.; mild ale, 1/2 pint; stir them together, and heat the mixture to the boiling point; when cold, add of powdered resin, 3 oz.; and, constantly stirring, again heat
- 453 =Plaster of Soap (Compound).= _Syn._ EMPLASTRUM SAPONIS COMPOSITUM, E.ADHaeRENS, L. Prep. (Ph. D. 1826.) Resin plaster, 3 oz.; soap plaster, 2 oz.; melted together._Obs._ Less emollient, but more stimulant, than the simple plaster. The 'EMPLASTRUM e MINI
- 454 _Uses._ Platinum is valuable for the formation of crucibles, capsules, and other utensils or instruments intended to be exposed to a strong heat, or to the action of acids. Platinic chloride and the platinic and sodium chloride are much used in chemical a
- 455 _Treatment to be followed in croupous pneumonia._--Bleeding was formerly had recourse to, but this treatment has either been abandoned of late years, or very rarely practised, the only case in which its moderate employment is recommended being that in whi
- 456 3. Linseed oil (pale), 1 quart; strong distilled vinegar, 1/2 pint; spirit of turpentine, 1/4 pint; muriatic acid, 1 oz.=Furniture Cream.= _Prep._ 1. Pearlash, 2 oz.; soft soap, 4 oz.; beeswax, 1 lb.; water, 1 gall.; boil until the whole is united and for
- 457 To be useful, they should be well rubbed on the scalp, at least once daily, for several weeks, and the head should be occasionally washed with soap-and-water.=Pommade, East India.= _Prep._ Take of suet, 3 lbs.; lard, 2 lbs.; beeswax (bright), 1/2 lb.; pal
- 458 7. MINERAL MATTER.--_a._ A weighed quant.i.ty of pure beer evaporated to dryness, and then incinerated, does not furnish more than from 20% to 35% of ash, the quant.i.ty varying within these limits with the strength of the liquor and the character of the
- 459 =Pota.s.sium, Acetate of.= KC_{2}H_{3}O_{2}. _Syn._ ACETATE OF POTASH, POTa.s.sIC ACETATE; POTa.s.sae ACETAS (B. P., Ph. L., E., D.). _Prep._ (Ph. L.) Acetic acid, 26 fl. oz.; distilled water, 12 fl. oz.; mix, and add, gradually, carbonate of pota.s.sium,
- 460 =Pota.s.sium, Chromate of.= K_{2}CrO_{4}. _Syn._ CHROMATE OF POTa.s.sA, NEUTRAL CHROMATE OF P., MONOCHROMATE OF P., YELLOW C. OF P., SALT OF CHROME; POTa.s.sae CHROMAS, P. C. FLAVA, L. This salt is only prepared on the large scale. Its source is 'CHROME
- 461 The formulae of the Ph. D. and Ph. E. are very similar.2. Add iodine to a hot solution of pure hydrate of pota.s.sium until the alkali is perfectly neutralised, carefully avoiding excess; evaporate the liquid to dryness, and expose the dry ma.s.s to a gen
- 462 Manuring experiments on potatoes in 1867-1869 show that on light soils a mixture of mineral superphosphate, crude potash salts, and ammonium sulphate, produces very beneficial results; on stiff soils nitrogenous manures have little effect. Further proof i
- 463 2. (Ph. D. 1826.) From the cultivated carrot boiled with a little water until it becomes soft enough to form a poultice. Anodyne and antiseptic.Used in foul and painful ulcers, burns, contusions, &c. That from the first formula is the more stimulant.=Poul
- 464 _Prep._ Rye flour, 1 lb.; old yeast, 4 oz.; common salt, 2 oz.=Poultice, Sulphate of Lime.= (Blizard.) _Syn._ CATAPLASMA CALCIS SULPHATIS. _Prep._ Paris plaster mixed with water to a soft paste, and applied before it hardens. Formerly applied to ulcers to
- 465 =Powder, a.r.s.en'ical.= See POWDER, ESCHAROTIC.=Powder of Asarabac'ca (Compound).= See SNUFF (Cephalic).=Powder, Astrin'gent.= _Syn._ PULVIS ASTRINGENS, P. STYPTICUS, L. _Prep._ 1. From Aleppo galls and burnt alum, in fine powder, equal parts. Used in
- 466 =Powder, Compound Ceruse.= (Ph. L. 1788.) _Syn._ PULVIS CERUSae COMPOSITUS._Prep._ Carbonate of lead, 5 oz.; sarcocol, 1-1/2 oz.; tragacanth, 1/2 oz.; mix. For outward use.=Powder, Compound, of Cyanide of Zinc.= (Guibourt.) _Syn._ PULVIS ZINCI CYANIDI COM
- 467 =Powder, Gold.= _Syn._ PULVIS AURI. Triturate gold leaf with 10 or 12 times its weight of sulphate of potash till bright particles are no longer visible; pa.s.s it through a sieve, mix with boiling water, wash what remains on the filter, and dry in a stov
- 468 2. Mercury, 3 oz.; powdered resin, 3/4 oz.; prepared chalk, 5 oz.; rectified spirit, q. s.; make a paste with the resin and a small quant.i.ty of the spirit; add the mercury, which may be extinguished in a short time; then the chalk and alcohol, gradually
- 469 =Powder, Schmidt's Parturifa"cient.= _Syn._ SCHMIDT'S POUDRE OCYTIQUE, Fr. _Prep._ From powdered ergot of rye, borax, and oleo-saccharum of camomile, of each 8 gr.; powdered sugar, q. s. For a dose; to be repeated every quarter of an hour until some ef
- 470 _b._ By adding to the 'acidulated kali,' noticed at page 929, about 1-16th of its weight of the finest powdered Jamaica ginger (_i. e._ 1/2 dr. to each oz.; 1 oz. to each lb.) at the time of mixing the ingredients together. A dessert-spoonful, thrown in
- 471 6. Pumice-stone, red coral, and powdered rhatany root, of each, 2 oz.; orris root, 1/2 oz.; essence of vanilla, 1/2 dr.7. (AROMATIC TOOTH POWDER.) From cuttle-fish bone, 4 oz.; calamus aromaticus, 2 oz.; powdered Castile soap, 1 oz.; oil of cloves, 1/2 dr
- 472 A prescription generally contains several medicinal substances, which are distinguished by medical writers by names indicative of the office which each of them performs. These are--1. The BASIS, which is the princ.i.p.al or most active ingredient;--2. The
- 473 It also is interesting to notice how _some_ minds seem almost to create THEMSELVES, springing up under every disadvantage, and working their "solitary, but irresistible way," through a thousand obstacles. Nature seems, &c.IRVING._Explanation of the mark
- 474 =PRU'NING= varies according to the kind of plant or tree operated on and the particular object in view, and its skilful performance must, therefore, greatly depend on the experience and knowledge of the gardener."In the operation of pruning, the shoots
- 475 5. (MILK PUNCH; VERDER.) Steep the yellow rinds of 18 lemons and 6 oranges, for 2 days, in rum or brandy, 2 quarts; then add 3 quarts more of either spirit; hot water, 3 quarts; lemon juice, 1 quart; loaf sugar, 4 lbs.; 2 nutmegs, grated; and boiling milk
- 476 In Donkin and Gamble's patent process the substances, previously parboiled, are placed in small tin cylinders, which are then filled up with rich soup; the lids are next soldered on quite air-tight, and a small hole is afterwards made in the centre; the
- 477 Nitrate of soda 630 parts.Sulphur 125 "Charcoal 125 "---- 880 parts.As the nitrate of soda is hygrometric, this powder must be preserved in closed vessels from the moisture of the air. LEAD POWDER. This mixture is also prepared like gunpowder, and the c
- 478 _White Chinese Fire._ Calibre. Saltpetre. Bruised Powder. Charcoal. Iron Sand.3rd order.12 to 16 lbs. 1 lb. 12 oz. 7 oz. 8 drms. 11 oz.16 to 22 " 1 " 11 " 8 " 11 " 8 drms. 22 to 36 " 1 " 11 " 8 " 8 " 12 "The iron sand is moistened with a little
- 479 =QUARTZ.= Pure native silica. It is an essential const.i.tuent of granite and many other rocks. Its crystalline, transparent varieties, are known as rock crystal. See GLa.s.s, POWDER, &c.=QUa.s.s.= _Syn._ POSCA VENALIS, L. _Prep._ Mix rye-flour and warm w
- 480 Yet the behaviour of bromine displays some striking differences. Chlorine alone, as already stated, causes no immediate alteration of somewhat diluted solutions of quinine, whereas they became turbid on addition of bromine as long as there is about 1/2500
- 481 =Quinine, Hydri'odate of.= _Syn._ IODIDE OF QUININE; QUINae HYDRIODAS, Q.IODIDUM, L. _Prep._ 1. By adding, drop by drop, a concentrated solution of iodide of pota.s.sium to a like solution of acid sulphate of quinine, and drying the precipitate in the sh
- 482 2. (Ph. U. S.) Triturate sulphate of quinine, 1 oz., with distilled water, 6 fl. oz., and having added sufficient diluted sulphuric acid to dissolve it, cautiously pour into the solution water of ammonia with constant stirring, until in slight excess. Was
- 483 =RAD'ICLE.= _Syn._ RADICAL. According to the binary theory of the const.i.tution of saline compounds, every salt is composed, like chloride of sodium (NaCl), of two sides or parts, which are termed its radicals. That part of a salt which consists of a me
- 484 [_Ash from insoluble matter included in weights given_] [0134] [0296] [0081]Water 86860 86557 88180 -------- -------- -------- 100000 100000 100000 =RATAFI'A.= Originally a liquor drank at the ratification of an agreement or treaty. It is now the common
- 485 In buying artificial manures the purchaser is recommended to obtain a guarantee that they shall be delivered in a sufficiently dry and powdery condition to allow of sowing by the drill.Samples, taken out of three or four bags, should be well mixed togethe
- 486 Several machines have recently been invented by which water is frozen in large quant.i.ties by exposure to condensed air in the act of its subsequent expansion. They are worked by either hand or steam power. The refrigerating apparatus invented by Mr Kirk
- 487 4. Young animals excrete more carbonic acid than old ones; this is most marked in amphibia. For example 100 grams of an old frog (_Rana temporaria_) exhaled in six hours 213 grm., whereas 100 grams of a young frog gave off in the same time 765 grm.5. The
- 488 Potash 1848 Soda 1067 Lime 127 Magnesia 1169 Oxide of iron 045 Phosphoric acid 5336 Chlorine 027 Silica 335 ------ 9954 =Rice, To Cook.= If rice is boiled it should be subjected to a low temperature. The best way of cooking rice, however, is by thoroughly
- 489 =ROSY-DROP.= See ACNE.=ROT.= _Syn._ GREATROT, HYDROPHIC R., SHEEP R., WET R. A disease peculiar to sheep, produced by the presence in the liver of the _Distoma hepatica_, a parasite commonly known under the name of "a fluke." Rot prevails during very we
- 490 FIG. 2.--Coats _in situ_ from without, 170. _a_, External; _b_, Middle; _c_, Internal coat; _d_, Starch grains, 108.]=RYE.= _Syn._ SECALE, L. The seed of _Secale cereale_, a gramineous plant, the native country of which is undetermined. It is a more certa
- 491 =Sa'go Posset.= (For invalids.) Macerate a table-spoonful of sago in a pint of water for two hours on the hob of a stove, then boil for 15 minutes, a.s.siduously stirring. Add sugar, with an aromatic, such as ginger or nutmeg, and a table-spoonful or mor
- 492 [Footnote 144: 'Lancet,' March 4th and 11th, 1876.]_Pur. & Tests._--1. It is entirely soluble in water and rectified spirit.--2. When strongly heated it is wholly dissipated, and, if kindled, burns with a bright flame, leaving a bulky charcoal.--3. Its
- 493 =Salt, Bitter Pur'ging.= Epsom salt.=Salt, Cathar'tic.= Of GLAUBER, sulphate of sodium; ENGLISH or BITTER S., sulphate of magnesium (Epsom salt).=Salt, Common.= _Syn._ CULINARY SALT. Chloride of sodium.=Salt, Diuret'ic.= Acetate of pota.s.sium.=Salt, E
- 494 SEIDLITZ WATER. This is usually imitated by strongly aerating a solution of 2 dr. of sulphate of magnesia in a pint of water. It is also made with 4, 6, and 8 dr. of the salts to a pint of water.SEIDLITZ POWDER. The common seidlitz powders do not resemble
- 495 =SAN'DAL WOOD.= 1. (RED SANDERS WOOD, R. SAUNDERS W.; LIGNUM SANTALI RUBRI, LIGNUM SANTALINUM RUBRUM, PTEROCARPUS--Ph. L. & E.) The wood of _Pterocarpus santilinus_. It is used in medicine as a colouring matter. It is also employed in dyeing, and to stai
- 496 The Local Government Board may also declare by provisional order any rural district to be a local government district.The Local Government Board has also the important power of investing a rural authority with urban powers as follows: "The Local Governme
- 497 _Prop., &c._ A non-nitrogenised neutral body. Water holding a very small quant.i.ty of it in solution froths considerably on agitation. This is especially the case with infusion of Jamaica sarsaparilla, and this property has consequently been proposed as
- 498 4. (MOTTLED.)--_a._ RED. Cut white curd or Windsor soap (not too dry) into small square pieces, and roll these in a mixture of powder bole or rouge, either with or without the addition of some starch; then squeeze them strongly into b.a.l.l.s, observing t
- 499 =SCENTS (Pommade).= _Prep._ 1. (COWSLIP.) From essence of bergamot, 8 oz.; essence of lemon, 4 oz.; oil of cloves, 2 oz,; essence de pet.i.t grain, 1 oz.2. (JONQUILLE.) From essence of bergamot and lemon, of each 8 oz.; oils of orange peel and cloves, of
- 500 The statistical report of the navy for 1871 offers a gratifying contrast to the above figures. From this doc.u.ment it appears that out of a total force of 4720 sailors, only four were affected with scurvy during that year. The much greater number of men